Every day over six thousand people sit down at work and try to tell a story

Funnel

(1) Samir Chitnavis, School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End, London E1 4NS, UK & Digital Environment Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Empire House, Whitechapel E1 1HH, UK;
(2) Thomas J. Haworth, Astronomy Unit, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK;
(3) Edward Gillen, Astronomy Unit, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK;
(4) Conrad W. Mullineaux, School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End, London E1 4NS, UK;
(5) Christopher D. P. Duffy, School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End, London E1 4NS, UK & Digital Environment Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Empire House, Whitechapel E1 1HH, UK (Email: c.duffy@qmul.ac.uk). Table of Links Abstract and Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Local spectral irradiance as a function of stellar temperature
2.2 Thermodynamic model of an oxygenic light-harvesting system
2.3 Lattice model of an oxygenic light-harvesting system
3 Results
3.1 Orbital distances and incident spectral fluxes
3.2 Thermodynamic antenna model: Increasing antenna size in limited PAR
3.3 Lattice antenna model: Increasing the size of a “flat” antenna in limited PAR
3.4 Lattice antenna model: Improving antenna efficiency with an energetic ’funnel’
4 Discussion
Acknowledgements, Author Contribution Statement, Authors disclosure statement and References 3.4 Lattice antenna model: Improving antenna efficiency with an energetic ’funnel’ This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. (1) Samir Chitnavis, School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End, London E1 4NS, UK & Digital Environment Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Empire House, Whitechapel E1 1HH, UK; (2) Thomas J. Haworth, Astronomy Unit, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK; (3) Edward Gillen, Astronomy Unit, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK; (4) Conrad W. Mullineaux, School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End, London E1 4NS, UK; (5) Christopher D. P. Duffy, School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End, London E1 4NS, UK & Digital Environment Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Empire House, Whitechapel E1 1HH, UK (Email: c.duffy@qmul.ac.uk). (1) Samir Chitnavis, School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End, London E1 4NS, UK & Digital Environment Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Empire House, Whitechapel E1 1HH, UK; (2) Thomas J. Haworth, Astronomy Unit, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK; (3) Edward Gillen, Astronomy Unit, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK; (4) Conrad W. Mullineaux, School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End, London E1 4NS, UK; (5) Christopher D. P. Duffy, School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End, London E1 4NS, UK & Digital Environment Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Empire House, Whitechapel E1 1HH, UK (Email: c.duffy@qmul.ac.uk). Table of Links Abstract and Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Local spectral irradiance as a function of stellar temperature 2.2 Thermodynamic model of an oxygenic light-harvesting system 2.3 Lattice model of an oxygenic light-harvesting system 3 Results 3.1 Orbital distances and incident spectral fluxes 3.2 Thermodynamic antenna model: Increasing antenna size in limited PAR 3.3 Lattice antenna model: Increasing the size of a “flat” antenna in limited PAR 3.4 Lattice antenna model: Improving antenna efficiency with an energetic ’funnel’ 4 Discussion Acknowledgements, Author Contribution Statement, Authors disclosure statement and References Abstract and Introduction Abstract and Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Local spectral irradiance as a function of stellar temperature 2.1 Local spectral irradiance as a function of stellar temperature 2.2 Thermodynamic model of an oxygenic light-harvesting system 2.2 Thermodynamic model of an oxygenic light-harvesting system 2.3 Lattice model of an oxygenic light-harvesting system 2.3 Lattice model of an oxygenic light-harvesting system 3 Results 3.1 Orbital distances and incident spectral fluxes 3.1 Orbital distances and incident spectral fluxes 3.2 Thermodynamic antenna model: Increasing antenna size in limited PAR 3.2 Thermodynamic antenna model: Increasing antenna size in limited PAR 3.3 Lattice antenna model: Increasing the size of a “flat” antenna in limited PAR 3.3 Lattice antenna model: Increasing the size of a “flat” antenna in limited PAR 3.4 Lattice antenna model: Improving antenna efficiency with an energetic ’funnel’ 3.4 Lattice antenna model: Improving antenna efficiency with an energetic ’funnel’ 4 Discussion 4 Discussion Acknowledgements, Author Contribution Statement, Authors disclosure statement and References Acknowledgements, Author Contribution Statement, Authors disclosure statement and References 3.4 Lattice antenna model: Improving antenna efficiency with an energetic ’funnel’ This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. available on arxiv

Thermodynamic limits around M-dwarf stars: Improving antenna efficiency with an energetic ’funnel’

As a wise man once said, «The whole world is a bunch of bloody funnels», and I agree with him. The concept aptly applies to the recruitment process. The spray-and-pray When hiring people, it's important to understand that the best specialists are almost never actively looking for a job. They are comfortably seated in companies with good salaries, big bonuses, a gym, free juices, and a fancy badge that pleasingly beeps when swiped at the office turnstile. Often, the whole recruitment process is just a 'spray and pray' approach. Recruiters write to potential candidates: «Hey, we have a cool vacancy, pay well, interested in chatting?». According to my LinkedIn profile, I'm a co-founder at several companies, and I'm still getting the whole bunch of such invites, although it's quite obvious that a job offer would be ignored. Such workflow can catch some people who are already job hunting but it sends the same message to a large number of people who aren't, resulting in a generally low response rate. The good ol' funnel I suggest looking at hiring as marketing, which opens up new and amazing edges. The good old funnel approach comes into play. Let's consider this in the context of searching for a CTO. How a marketer would approach this task First, conduct classic JTBD (jobs-to-be-done) customer development (in-depth interviews). Select CTOs that fit your profile but who you know for sure are currently not interested in joining your firm. Arrange calls with them and the main question to ask is: what would make you immediately resign and accept an offer; describe your dream job (what kind of company, tasks, team, salary); what are 3-5 factors that you look at when choosing where to work and who to work with. From analyzing the customer development interviews, it turns out that top candidates are not as motivated by money; for them, it's more important to have recognition, a cool ambitious case in their resume, the level of people they will work with (to learn from them), the company's mission (increasingly critical), and interesting tasks. Based on these responses, you can creatively upgrade your materials at all stages of the HR funnel: the message on , the job vacancies page, your company's pitch during introductions, a whole lot of them. LinkedIn As soon as each stage of the funnel is based on the real needs of the client (candidate), the conversion at each stage dramatically increases, and most importantly, the quality of candidates. Rinse and repeat, continue to test at each stage, re-do customer development and upgrade your materials. A message to such guys might look like this: Hi username, a few guys from #### told me you're the coolest CTO they know, so I decided to write to you. (recognition) Here at ####, we've assembled a team from ####, ####, and #####, ##### and are developing #### in #### (we're already one of the highest in revenue in the region). (cool team, interesting tasks, opportunity to learn) Interesting tasks for 2024 include #####, #####, and then ##### . (ambitious case) Cool stuff: we use ####, and like no one else in the market #### . (interesting tasks, opportunity to learn) We're currently talking with various awesome people, looking for someone to head our development instead of one of the founders. (recognition) Maybe you'd be interested in a 15-30 minute call to get acquainted? (won't take much time) The same framework works for other vacancies. Iterate, research, test, improve. Good luck with your search, guys. I wish you the top candidates!

Hiring Is a Bloody Funnel—The Whole World Is

Once you’ve built your SaaS product, marketing is the next step. And how well word of your product spreads depends on your Top-of-the-funnel (ToFu) marketing efforts. A good strategy, well executed, could lead to incredible signup rates in the long run. So, in this article, we’ll cover the best practices for creating ToFu content that sparks interest. Let’s dive right in. What is ToFu Marketing ToFu marketing is shorthand for top-of-the-funnel marketing. It’s that involves creating awareness about consumers' needs and subtly hinting that your product can solve them. ToFu exists alongside MoFu (middle-of-the-funnel) and BoFu (bottom-of-the-funnel) on the customer journey and is critical in raising awareness about solutions. a stage in the marketing funnel The main thing to note about ToFu marketing is that it focuses on raising awareness about a need and the existence of a helpful solution. In this stage, selling isn’t the main objective, at least not in the short term. It’s essential to bear this in mind before planning your ToFu strategy, or else your efforts may come off as desperate, leading to potential distrust. ToFu vs. MoFu vs. BoFu The primary difference between top-of-the-funnel content and content created in the other marketing stages is that they cater to different needs in the customer journey. ToFu content is designed to help customers who are just becoming aware of a problem that’s not well-defined, that is, those in the awareness stage. They tend to have longer word counts because they try to answer many questions. MoFu content, on the other hand, is targeted towards potential customers in the consideration stage. They have become acutely aware of their problems and are actively narrowing their options to the one that seems best for them. Their search entries are more specific this time, so MoFu content, like comparison charts, webinars, and podcasts, usually have long tail keywords. When your prospects are ready to purchase, . Unlike ToFu content that avoids directly selling, BoFu tells your audience exactly why they should pick your product by highlighting its unique advantages over other products. Examples include case studies, trials, demos, and customer stories. ) BoFu content helps them choose your product Before you map out your strategy, create user personas. You must understand what kind of people you aim to sell to before making a great ToFu strategy. This is where come in. user/buyer personas User personas are fictional, detailed representations of your ideal customer or target audience. Using them lets you make your content and marketing campaigns more personalized. The most successful SaaS businesses have multiple buyer personas refined over the years until they accurately or nearly perfectly fit the audience they market to. In-app surveys and questionnaires can benefit companies with a reasonable user base. But it can be a little more difficult for startups that don’t have as many users yet. Still, start with what you have. Research your existing customer base and consider factors such as their occupation, age, and home life, among others. You could even survey your current clients to learn more about them. Even if you haven’t entered the market yet, you can create well-defined user personas by looking at your competition. Research what market segment they’re earning the most from and use that info to draft your user personas. Make sure to categorize your personas into different segments to be more specific as you reach out to them. ToFu Content Creation Best Practices The quality of your ToFu content can largely determine how many people notice your product. And the more attention you can garner, the more leads you are likely to attract as well. That said, here are some best practices for making excellent ToFu content. Craft attention-grabbing headlines and hooks It takes 15 seconds for readers to decide whether to continue reading an article. For video content, it’s . five times less time So, when you make content, aim to grab your audience’s attention within the first few seconds. This means using interesting headlines and attention-grabbing intros in your articles and intriguing hooks in your videos. For instance, “10 insanely gatekept methods to saving thousands of dollars on streaming platforms” is a much better title than “10 Ways To Save Money on Streaming.” Video content is even trickier. But here’s one of many hooks that can keep your audience glued: “Stop wasting money on streaming platforms. Instead, try these ten methods to save you tons of cash while enjoying your favorite subscription service.” Utilize various content formats Consider using as many content formats as possible when making ToFu content. This approach enables you to reach audiences that you otherwise may have yet to be able to touch with your content if you stuck to just one. For example, posting short-form videos is a great way to reach many people, but so is a great blog post or a brilliant infographic with your brand’s logo and theme. Incorporate storytelling and emotional appeal . It’s why human-created content has an edge over AI-generated ones. So, leverage this advantage as much as possible, as many startups lean towards AI content these days. Emotions and stories appeal to humans However, maintain brevity. As much as people like stories, they get bored easily when the takeaway isn’t in sight. Optimize content for search engines (SEO) Aside from just using semantic keywords in your content, incorporate other SEO practices. Optimize meta titles, descriptions, and even captions, and obtain backlinks from reputable sources to ensure your content stays on the first page of SERPs. It can be incredible the difference being on top of a Google search can have for your content. Regardless, avoid prioritizing SEO over quality and intent. Leverage multiple social media platforms. It’s best to utilize several social media platforms to make the most out of your content. When doing this, remember that each platform has a different algorithm. So, tailor your content to each one. Also, post the content type that works on each platform. For instance, while long-form posts may do well on LinkedIn, Twitter (or X) may not favor lengthy threads. Trends change occasionally, so try to stay on top of industry patterns. Tread carefully with Email marketing strategies for ToFu Using emails during the ToFu stage is very tricky. You can either nail it or have your domain flagged and all your email campaigns . There is a delicate midpoint that can lean toward either possibility, but it solely depends on the quality of your email copy and your strategy. permanently directed to spam folders As a rule, only email people who subscribe to your newsletter, and avoid using clickbait. Setting clear KPIs It’s easy to lose sight of the metrics you plan to measure when they’re unclear. For instance, suddenly switching from measuring impressions to tracking the number of likes and followers on your pages can quickly make you lose motivation. Because building an organic following takes time. Furthermore, content on TikTok, for example, tends to garner than the same content posted on Instagram. Hence, it takes more time to grow an Instagram following than on TikTok. So, don’t be discouraged if you primarily use Instagram for marketing. more individual views The main point is clearly defining your KPIs for each stage in your marketing process. It will help you streamline your efforts to achieve your goals and keep you motivated in the long run. Conclusion Creating ToFu content that piques attention in an increasingly competitive market takes time and effort. While you’re trying not to be too forward and aggressive with your marketing, you also don’t want to create content that doesn’t drive leads in the long run. So, this article has explored the best practices for creating ToFu content that sticks. Properly implemented, you’ll have a solid foundation for future marketing campaigns.

Top-of-funnel Marketing Best Practices for SaaS Startups

This story was originally published by by Evan Robinson-Johnson for . contributed reporting. ProPublica ProPublica Debbie Cenziper A former Lebanese diplomat sanctioned by U.S. authorities for allegedly funneling money to the terrorist group Hezbollah was arrested last week in Bucharest, Romania, and U.S. officials are seeking his extradition. Mohammad Ibrahim Bazzi, 58, is accused by federal prosecutors of attempting to evade sanctions by trying to launder and move more than $800,000 from the United States to Lebanon, according to the Department of Justice. Bazzi was current or former diplomats identified last year in an investigation by ProPublica and the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists that revealed widespread abuses in a little-known and poorly regulated system of international diplomacy. one of 500 So-called honorary consuls work from their home countries to represent the interests of the foreign governments that appoint them. In exchange, the volunteer diplomats are afforded some of the same legal protections offered to career diplomats, including travel benefits and political connections unavailable to most private citizens. The found that a number of consuls have stood accused of crimes or were embroiled in controversy — many while they held their posts. “Shadow Diplomats” investigation Thirty current and former honorary consuls have been sanctioned by the United States and other governments; nine have been by law enforcement and governments, including Bazzi. linked to terrorist groups Bazzi was appointed honorary consul in Lebanon by the government of Gambia in 2005 under the regime of then-Gambian President Yahya Jammeh, according to court records. The Gambian government terminated his appointment in 2017. A year later, the U.S. Treasury Department designated Bazzi a “global terrorist,” accusing the businessman of funneling money to Hezbollah, a militant group that has attacked U.S. service members, civilians and others in countries including Israel, Argentina and Iraq. The designation blocked Bazzi’s interests in domestic real estate and prohibited American citizens from conducting any business that would benefit him. In 2019, Bazzi sought to overturn the U.S. sanction. In court records, he said the government failed to provide evidence that he had financed Hezbollah. The sanction is still in place. Bazzi’s attorney could not be reached for comment. In a three-count unsealed last week in New York, Bazzi and a second man were charged with conspiring to launder money and to cause U.S. individuals to conduct unlawful transactions involving a global terrorist. indictment Recorded communications revealed that the men proposed numerous strategies to move money, including transferring funds through a fake restaurant deal and a family loan scheme in Kuwait, according to the Justice Department. “The defendants in this case attempted to provide continued financial assistance to [Hezbollah], a foreign terrorist organization responsible for death and destruction,” Daniel Kafafian, acting special agent in charge at the Drug Enforcement Administration’s New Jersey division, . said in a statement John Marzulli, a spokesperson for the U.S. attorney’s office in New York’s Eastern District, declined to comment on Bazzi’s prior status as an honorary consul. Marzulli said he could not say when the men will arrive in the United States; the government is seeking extradition. Each count in the indictment carries up to 20 years in prison. The Eastern District U.S. attorney, Breon Peace, said in a release: “Mohammad Bazzi thought that he could secretly move hundreds of thousands of dollars from the United States to Lebanon without detection by law enforcement.” This “arrest proves that Bazzi was wrong.” Matthew Levitt, a counterrorism expert at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, said Bazzi was especially skilled at finding ways to establish relationships with people in power. “This is someone who is a player for senior Hezbollah operatives and senior Iranian leadership,” Levitt said. “His arrest and extradition is significant.” Photo by on Josh Appel Unsplash

This Man Is Accused of Funneling Money to the Terrorist Group Hezbollah

Regardless of how mature the product is, its owner will always be curious about how it performs, what the conversion rates are, and what areas for improvement there are. One of the most important tools that product owners should get access to at some point in time is an . event tracking system Table of Contents Why an event tracking system is important. When to implement an event tracking system How to implement an ETS In-house vs existing solutions Architecture of event-tracking Operationalization or Make it work Conclusion Why an event tracking system is important Implementation of event tracking will allow businesses to get scientific answers to lots of product-related questions, such as: At which stage of the sign-up journey did I lose most of the users? What would be the conversion rates if I split users into 3 groups and showed them different checkout buttons? Is it true that the performance of my product depends on how it’s been implemented by various clients? When to implement an event tracking system In my , I described how to set up an environment to perform experiments with your product. The approach I provided there implied that one can reuse existing information resulting from core data flows as part of backend architecture. Doing so will be especially beneficial for the products at the early stages of development. previous article At some point in time, the product reaches a stage when it can no longer be sustainably developed without relying on data. Therefore, enhanced is applicable to more mature products. The table below systemizes the recommended practices for product analytics depending on a stage of maturity: event tracking Maturity stage of your product What can your product do? Who is using your product? Recommended practices of product analytics MVP (although MLP, i.e. ‘Minimum Lovable Product’ is better) Very is available basic functionality at one specific market Loyal and patient customers Simple and that store information related to lifecycle of product’s core entities (e.g. of the order or payment). Information is used for health check, building and testing of simple hypotheses high level funnels that are based on the data tables Surviver . New features have been added, but overall still behind well established players (in terms of functionality and market share) Core functionality works rather stable Customers are coming from various segments on a regular basis Funnels . Allows the detailed analysis and obtaining specific insights at each part of the funnel. Can be combined with practices of MVP/ MLP stage based on event tracking covering most important user journeys Serious player Functionality competes or even outperforms established players May have a . It is used by large enterprise clients. There are also plans for global expansion strong position at specific segments . In addition to capabilities of practices for earlier stages, can also be used for precise monitoring of minor adjustments aimed at single-digit conversion improvements. Multiple funnels based on detailed event tracking. Each user journey can be explored separately How to implement an ETS Decide if in-house implementation works for you To begin with, you should decide whether it should be an already existing solution or built in-house. When making a decision, one should consider the following 3 factors: From my experience, end-to-end implementation of event tracking (from the beginning until the moment you will see the first events recorded in production) will take around 3 weeks for 1 mid-senior engineer. On top of that, several weeks of dedicated data engineering and analytics teams’ support will be required to turn obtained data tables into nice and insightful dashboards. Availability of resources: frontend in-house solution will require an initial one-off cost to implement, but will allow you to achieve good economies of scale in case your product will keep developing. In case your company will later introduce new products and services, it will also benefit from existing solutions almost out of the box. Cost: if your product is developing at a fast pace, think twice about whether an already existing on-market solution will allow you keep the required degree of flexibility in terms of supporting every change. Flexibility: To summarise, developing your solution in-house has certain benefits in the long run, however as mentioned in the beginning, it’s highly important to select the right moment for implementation. Proper timing will allow you to ensure that all factors are considered: You have enough resources You are confident that this project will yield you a positive return on investment You believe that your product and company overall will keep growing and all future projects will benefit from the event tracking Further parts of this article will be focused on the implementation of in-house solutions. In case you decide that procuring an existing solution works better for you, you should expect that it will provide you with an end-to-end experience. Architecture of event-tracking While designing your solution, the most important thing is to decide how you want to see your data. The most common approach relies on 3 main concepts: Event, which can be defined as a combination of: Object, e.g. “Order” button Action performed with the object, e.g. “Shown to user” or “Clicked by user”. Therefore, several events can be associated with the same object within the same user journey. Session, which represents a unique and uninterrupted interaction of the user with your product, where interruption can be either: achievement of some event X minutes of a user being idle Parameters of events, which can be used to pass any other relevant information and which can be added to your events at any point in time. The most typical parameters you may need are: Timestamp of event id of the user (if known) Device type (iOS, Android, Windows, …) Experiment-related information. For instance, if you do A/B test, you can pass information on which group user was assigned to. Based on this data you can calculate the performance of each group in terms of conversion and choose the best option. From a data flow perspective, it is rather straightforward. Whenever the user performs an action you are interested in, your library should call the corresponding endpoint and pass relevant data there within the request payload. For instance, the user presses “Create order” button, which triggers the request (illustrative): Request URL: https://eventtracking.yourpoduct.com/WebTracker/RecordWebEvent Request payload: Session_id = abc Event_object = OrderButton Event_action = Clicked Parameter_1 = Value … Operationalization or Make it work Fire the first set of events: Once you’ve got the infrastructure to fire events, it’s time for the most practical step: you have to understand the exhaustive list of events you need to see. Although it takes time, this procedure is necessary if your end goal is achieving visibility on what’s happening with your product. A suggested approach is the following: Understand all the (sub)-flows your product has (e.g. quick flow for existing users vs long sign-up flow for new users) Refresh your knowledge of the flows by manually going through each and recording screencasts Carefully review your recordings and for each flow prepare a spreadsheet outlining all the events that you need to track. The structure of the spreadsheet can be like this: Type of flow (e.g. existing users) Event object Event action All parameters with possible values Discuss the spreadsheet with your Frontend engineer and make sure that all the data you need can be tracked. Bear in mind, that you will be able to add some events in subsequent iterations Finally, ask your engineer to start firing the events in a production environment. It’s not necessary to include all possible events in the scope of the first iteration. Focus on the most important ones that are needed to get insights and test hypotheses. Double-check Once the first iteration is done, it is crucial to make sure that everything works in the correct way. It is easy to get overwhelmed by the number of events you have and miss the gaps. The most reliable way to double-check is: Repeat the step when you went through all flows and recorded screencasts. However, at this time make sure you also save the session id for each flow you are going through (can be easily copied from the network tab of your browser’s console). You can use session id as a title for each screencast for simplicity. Wait until the data on events recorded can be accessed in the database (usually, it’s not immediately) Query the events tracked for each session you have. The dummy example of the query would be: select * from your_product.events_recorded where session_id = ‘your saved id for each flow’ Compare the results of your query with your corresponding screencasts and come up with a list of all gaps (most likely you will observe some). Reach out to your Frontend engineer to close the gaps. Repeat this procedure until you are confident that all events are tracked properly. Construct first funnels (visualize insights) Ask a question Start by asking the main questions you have regarding your product: At which stage of the signup flow users are mainly dropping? What is the reason for existing users not reaching the end of the journey? Which parts of the UI will I most likely experiment with? E.g. titles of the main Call to action buttons Prepare mock-ups with dummy data Based on the key questions you have, you can create mock-ups of your funnels and see if those would be sufficient to satisfy your curiosity. It’s always a good idea to visualize what you want to see before reaching out to the data team. Calculate and sense check Once visuals are sorted out, don’t hurry by jumping straight into making ‘fancy’ funnels. Instead try to calculate all the pieces of data (for a selected period of time), which make up the funnel in a separate spreadsheet to see if the data makes sense. Try to be as critical as possible: Some inconsistencies would immediately get your attention. Make sure that once events are sorted and aligned to user journeys, it’s always a declining trend. You can also triangulate against different sources of data. For instance, compare the number of orders created from your database to the number of events when the last screen was shown. Clearly, the number of events should exceed the number of orders created. If it’s not the case, then you are missing some events Once done, you can proceed to the final step. Construct the funnels you need based on mock-ups and queries you used for sense check Set up clear procedures for the future Don’t settle once you are done with covering all key user journeys with your event tracking-based analytics. Most likely, your product will be changing in the future. One should be very cautious in order not to lose the results of great effort that has been put to set up the event tracking. To achieve that, make sure you have an exact procedure in place with all relevant parties following it. The procedure could be like this: When you or your designer start working on new user journeys, make sure that all changes to the existing product are explicitly highlighted. Communicate the changes to your frontend team that will be updating UI, and make sure all the new events will be sent, while irrelevant events to be deprecated. Having a spreadsheet as a tracker for new/ deprecated events could be useful for you. Aware your analytics team that datable will contain new events, which should be incorporated into subsequent funnels. In the end, you as a product manager should be responsible for results and making sure that  current funnels still make sense. Usually, it should be the case unless you don’t introduce significant updates to your product. Conclusion To sum up, the implementation of event tracking will be a significant enhancement of the product owner’s toolkit. However, one should be reasonable when deciding if the product is mature enough for that. A simple rule of thumb to decide: if you can come up with a substantial “no-brainer” backlog of improvements for your product (which don’t need to be ‘scientifically’ proven), then it’s most likely not yet mature enough for the event tracking, and you have more important things to spend your resources on. Once the product is ready for implementation of event tracking, its owner should understand that it could take a while to achieve the end state. Be prepared for numerous iterations and attempts to resolve inconsistencies. Finally, getting to the end state can be tough. However, losing progress is much easier. In order to avoid the loss of fruits of your labor, you should have a strict and precise procedure for updating your event gathering and analytics whenever something is being changed in your product.

How to Create Effective Product Funnels with Event Tracking

Ah, the marketing funnel. It’s the thing that marketers can’t stop talking about, and customers need help understanding what it is and why they should care. In this blog, I’ll share the , different types, and how to retain customers. key elements to creating a funnel marketing Let’s shed some light on this very important topic! What Is A Marketing Funnel? At its core, the marketing funnel is a . It is an organised way to identify and target potential customers, nurture them with content and resources, and then convert them into paying customers. process of converting prospects into customers Marketing funnels are used in many different industries and come in many shapes or sizes depending on the needs of your business. The marketing funnel concept is a marketing strategy marketers use to attract as many leads as possible and then gradually to the eventual conversion point. nurture prospective customers through suitable schemes How To Create a Marketing Funnel Crafting a Marketing Funnel doesn’t have to be difficult. Make it easy by following these six simple steps: 1. Uncover Your Target Market . What are their preferences, needs, and desires? When you understand the specifics of your customers will assist in tailoring the remaining parts of your marketing funnel. Knowing what motivates them helps you identify areas for improvement and drive new sales opportunities. Understand the profile of your target audience 2. Generate Content Content serves as the backbone of your Marketing Funnel and can be deployed to captivate future customers with your product or service. Make sure it’s fresh, engaging, and informative! 3. Generate Leads Using lead magnets, such as an enticing free trial, discounted product or webinar can help you attract the perfect target audience and capture important leads. Make sure your offer is worthwhile for those who are interested! 4. Unleash your Marketing Funnel Spread the word about your lead magnets and content on social media, via email campaigns and other digital marketing platforms. Plus, you can employ classic methods such as print advertising or even rely upon traditional word-of-mouth. 5. Strengthen connections Lead nurturing is an integral element of the Marketing Funnel. Strategically deploy automated messages and other forms of outreach to foster relationships with prospective clients, keep them informed about your product or service, and create lasting impressions. 6. Transform leads into clients After following the steps outlined above, it’s time to transform your prospects into customers. This can be achieved through tailored emails, follow-up calls, customised offers and more. While funnels are designed to illustrate a customer’s journey throughout their purchase, they often need to account for the meandering paths customers take when making decisions. After all, who can say that their purchasing process was linear? Start by identifying and analysing your customers’ stages before investing in your product/service. By doing this, you can tailor content and opportunities better so that each customer has a unique journey towards conversion! Benefits of Creating a Marketing Funnel Creating a marketing funnel can provide . Firstly, it helps to identify and target potential customers that are the most likely to convert. Secondly, it provides an organised process for nurturing prospects through their buying journey. several benefits for businesses Finally, it allows marketers to track the effectiveness of their campaigns across each stage of the funnel. It also and trust with potential customers by providing them with the information they need to make an informed decision. Marketing funnels are a great way to ensure that your prospects have all of the information they need before making a purchase, thus increasing . helps to build credibility conversion rates Types of Marketing Funnels Funnel marketing has the capacity to tailor its goals and target specific audiences. For example, digital marketing funnels are built for online activities – no offline strategies included! Content channelling further amplifies this experience by allowing users to interact with content intuitively tailored to them. The Sales Funnel . Some people opt out, some lose interest, and some choose another method of purchase. Commercially, funnels derive from the probability of sales and opportunity gradually decreasing at each step Entrepreneurs, marketing organisations and marketing departments within larger companies should have a funnel. The AIDA Funnel has been around for a long time, as early as the 1890s, when it was seen as a revolutionary and proactive marketing formula for attracting customers. AIDA By harnessing the power of to recall the sales funnel stages and create tailored content for each stage, you can achieve the same objectives as using the traditional sales funnel framework. AIDA When a customer begins the sales journey, they will go through steps similar to what follows. AIDA Example Awareness Our target audience people like Charlie. He’s educated, middle class, brand loyal and has loved cars all his life. He’s now at a point where he can buy the car of his dreams.  And whilst reading the Sunday papers one summer’s day, he comes across a review about a new Porsche. The article is full of praise for the german powerhorse, with its handling, power and road presence. Interest With a spark of – he starts researching Google for more information. The following morning, he calls his local Porsche dealer and arrange a test drive. interest Desire On his visit to the dealer, the beauty of the car takes him aback. The salesman plays his part dutifully, expressing the wonders of the fine automobile. Sensing our gent’s interest and to learn more, he hands the keys to the prospective customer and says, “Why don’t you take this beauty for a spin?” desire Action After the test drive, our prospective customer decides it’s just what he has been looking for. He takes action and places an order. Digital Funnels Similar to the classic model of , a digital funnel used online can be constructed similarly. However, with the age of technology, there are more automated systems and tools to help the seller and the buyer on their journey. This sort of funnel process is usually termed as a . AIDA Conversion Funnel So, taking our model, let’s look at the steps involved with a digital funnel. AIDA Digital Funnel Design Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/eric-delcroix/21438701322 Optimising The Funnel To improve your marketing funnel’s success and increase the number of potential leads at each stage of the process, . The easiest way to start thinking about your sales funnel optimisation is by breaking it down into . it’s important to optimise your funnel the major measures – , and Upper Middle Lower • The function of . the upper funnel is to attract new visitors • The is responsible for . middle funnel turning new visitors into qualified leads • The is where the macro . lower funnel conversions, or purchases, happen Each part of the conversion funnel should be approached differently; therefore, different marketing methods are employed. TOP OF FUNNEL (TOF) The traffic you’re sending to your online store will largely . Focusing on driving quality traffic is the first step to optimising the upper funnel and there are various methods you can test: determine the effectiveness of your conversion route • Optimising your for paid search and display ads keywords • Correct targeting of your social media ads (Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn) • Creating unique, keyword-optimised content (blog posts, eBooks, guides, infographics, videos, etc.) MIDDLE OF The FUNNEL (MOF) Potential customers enter this middle funnel once they engage the brand meaningfully. This part of the marketing funnel is all about building trust with your prospects and demonstrating the benefits of your products. Now that you have your potential customer’s interest, it’s time to , demonstrating your product’s or service’s quality. build trust and loyalty Engaging your audience with the following helps build that trust: • Testimonials • Product Reviews • Case Studies • Automated Marketing Campaigns • Engaging Content (the comparison between two separate campaigns/ads) to track key metrics. Running continuous A/B Tests will provide you with essential feedback BOTTOM OF FUNNEL (BOF) As leads drip down into the last stage, you need to start pulling them into new conversion funnels. The more customer data you have, the more personalised and targeted experiences you can craft to keep them interested and wanting more. Once a lead has converted, pull it back into the nurturing phase and continue building rapport through targeted offers and email campaigns. Social Media Funnels A social media sales funnel guides your followers, taking them from the moment they first learn about your product on social media to becoming dedicated customers. It’s an effective tool that encourages repeat purchases and builds brand loyalty. The social media sales funnel consists of : four distinct stages Awareness/discovery Intent Conversion Loyalty To effectively leverage conversions and nurture customer loyalty, it’s essential that you create content tailored to each stage of the buyer journey. When you craft a well-thought-out social media marketing scheme and provide content of value, users will be more likely to engage with it by liking, commenting on, or sharing your posts. By interacting with a brand hashtag campaign or viewing your ads, potential customers will be able to identify and connect with you easily. This opens the door of opportunity for your business as you can focus on those who are genuinely interested in what you have to offer – giving them a chance to become lifelong customers. With a typical social media funnel, as seen above, we are only seeing half the journey for customers. Much like a traditional funnel, it stops at the point of sale. But, in the modern age, that is . only half the journey The template of has not become defunct – it just needs to evolve! AIDA Bow Tie Funnels We have already looked at the first stage of the funnel through the model; let’s now look at the , known as the . AIDA retention side through the marketing funnel Bow Tie Funnel With the bow tie marketing funnel, businesses can and loyal to their brand. Not only does this approach foster customer trust, but it also creates an army of devoted followers who will become vocal advocates for the company. ensure customers remain engaged This method focuses on building strong relationships over a long period of time so that customers are immersed in your brand’s world. You will reap the rewards of your hard work from a prior stage in this advocacy phase. . Fostering customer satisfaction ensures that they remain loyal to you Take pride in what you do, and showcase how effortless it is for customers to interact with your business, knowing that this is just another proactive step in the marketing mix to raise awareness about your product/service – and your reputation. The Evangelists By cultivating strong relationships with existing customers, you maximise the possibility of customers returning and recommending your business to their peers. A typical example would be musicians who use Marshall amplifiers. The reputation of this brand is huge. Used by performers globally, these stalwarts play a significant part in brand awareness for the company. Creating customer journeys is achievable through loyalty and referral programs. These helpful schemes motivate consumers to repeat purchases while spreading positive word-of-mouth about your business. However, it’s important to note that not all companies can benefit from such initiatives; offering post-purchase are also . excellent aftercare services and customer support essential components in building lasting relationships with clients Adopter The first level is recognising the customer who has just purchased. This is a brand new purchaser, so it’s important to make them feel confident and encourage them to remain loyal on their way to becoming a . Brand Ambassador The simplest way is to offer a bonus reward, a discount off the next purchase or perhaps an invitation to a VIP area that’s related to the product. Think creatively and consider how you would want to be rewarded in a similar manner. At this stage, use the purchase as a springboard to gather further customer information through email or a follow up call. Apply this information across the entire funnel. The Loyalist The following stage of retention in the funnel is the . Loyalist This generally refers to one of the following: A customer who upgraded their purchase at checkout Repeat Customers The difference between an and a is that the former may have made an impulse purchase, while the latter instinctively chose to buy from you. Adopter Loyalist To convert an Adopter to a Loyalist, ensure that your message (marketing) connects with the . Offer incentives to buy related products or offers for a repeat purchase. Consider how you can recommend incentives such as offering tier pricing to maintain their path along the funnel. Loyalist The Advocate The is a satisfied customer who has bought from you and likes the product or service you offer. Advocate This is the customer who will start using their social influence through online platforms such as reviews, testimonials, social media or word of mouth to recommend potential customers to your products or services actively. To keep them on side and engaged, entice them with incentives. These could be: Membership of a VIP club with personal referrals Access to new products in exchange for reviews This sort of . It’s extremely , and most importantly, it’s coming from a neutral and trusted source. advocacy is worth its weight in gold cost-effective Ideally, you want advocates of your brand to encourage other customers to become advocates, so use further incentives. Make Advocates Feel Special Reply to their tweets, share their positive posts on Facebook, and answer them with a personalised response if they connect through email. The quickest way to lose an is to make them feel like one of the masses. Treasure them! Advocate The Brand Ambassador These are the company’s friends! They are (think or ) – they tell their friends and colleagues how happy they are and are passionate about their relationship with you. emotionally connected to your brand Apple Jeep Enhancing the customer experience for . Loyal customers that help market your brand is a social-proof strategy that should be wholly embraced, as it will provide a budget-crunching and formidable ROI. this group is a key tactic to use in your marketing funnel stages For small businesses, the personal touch such as a handwritten message will let them know how special they are to you. Acknowledgements to offer include: Free overnight shipping Gifts for Birthdays and/or Christmas The Art of Retention Customer lifetime retention is nothing new – it’s been around for a long time. However, there are many examples of companies throughout history who, for one reason or another, decided that, after a while, they would change their systems or the way they recognised key customers. They essentially took them for granted. Part of this problem arose because companies tend to budget for something other than advocates or brand ambassadors. They assume that because their customers are on board, they will be, for a while, asking themselves why they should waste time and money keeping happy customers happy. Financial institutions, utility companies, insurance brokers and the automotive industry would benefit more if they put more energy into customer retention. On average, you can fail a loyal customer a couple of times. After that, they will start falling off the radar and consider switching to a competitor. And guess what? They will make a point of telling everyone they know! Conclusion Overall, marketing funnels can be a powerful tool for businesses to convert prospects into customers. They provide an organised process for targeting and nurturing potential customers while providing the resources they need to make an informed purchase decision. If you want to increase your conversion rate, creating a marketing funnel is worth considering! https://piershgardener.com/category/how-to-guides/?embedable=true

The Ultimate Guide to Marketing Funnels and Conversion

La guía definitiva sobre embudos de marketing y conversión

Le guide ultime des entonnoirs marketing et de la conversion

मार्केटिंग फ़नल और रूपांतरण के लिए अंतिम गाइड

マーケティング ファネルとコンバージョンの究極のガイド

O Guia Definitivo para Funis de Marketing e Conversão

Hướng dẫn Cơ bản về Kênh Tiếp thị và Chuyển đổi

营销渠道和转化的终极指南

Imagine backers funding your project immediately you launch your Kickstarter campaign. That would be amazing, right? You would likely reach and surpass your funding goal before the deadline. Unfortunately, crowdfunding platforms are not like social media platforms. They don't have a crowd of backers just waiting to fund your startup. So, you have to find the backers yourself to raise the funds you need for your project. One of the best ways to do this is to build a community of email subscribers. In this post, you’ll learn how to build your Kickstarter email list with a lead magnet funnel. But, first… Why Do You Need An Email List For Your Kickstarter Project? You need an email list for your Kickstarter project because the chances of people finding and funding your project organically is slim. Search Kickstarter (or any crowdfunding platform) right now, and you'll find thousands of people seeking funding for their projects. The platform simply doesn’t have enough backers to fund each project. And, those that may be interested in your project may not find your Kickstarter campaign. So, if you don’t want to launch crickets, you need to build a community of people who are likely to fund your Kickstarter project. An email list is one way to build that community. Here are the benefits of having a Kickstarter email list To validate your project idea Email subscribers can provide feedback on your project, which you can use to improve or scrap your idea. To secure early pledges The potential funders in your email list will be invested in your project and start donating as soon as you launch, which will help build momentum for your campaign. To attract more funders The early pledges from funders on your email list will work like testimonials and encourage others to donate. You may even get featured on Kickstarter’s front page, giving you more visibility. Now that you know why you need an email list, the question is… How do you build your Kickstarter email list fast? The answer is a lead magnet funnel. The fastest way to build your Kickstarter email list is to use a valuable lead magnet to entice potential funders and convince them to subscribe to your email list. So, What Is A Lead Magnet Funnel? A lead magnet funnel is a sales funnel that starts with using freebies to generate leads. It involves offering a lead magnet freebie to capture leads’ email addresses, and then converting them with email marketing. Here’s how it’ll work with your Kickstarter project. You offer prospective backers something valuable for free, such as a guide, tool, or webinar. In exchange, they’ll give you their email address. Then, you can start sending them engaging emails about your project. So, when you launch your product (to them), they’ll be willing to back your project. There are three steps to building your Kickstarter email list with a lead magnet funnel. Create an actionable lead magnet freebie Set up an opt-in page to offer your lead magnet Launch an engaging email marketing campaign Continue reading to learn the details. Steps To Create A Lead Magnet Funnel For Your Kickstarter Email List Here is the 1-2-3 step to build your Kickstarter email list with a lead magnet funnel. Step #1 - Create an actionable lead magnet freebie There are so many shitty lead magnets out there that people are now skeptical about giving their email addresses in exchange for freebies. So, just any freebie won’t do. You have to offer an actionable lead magnet to capture potential backers. Create something useful that would help potential backers solve a problem or get a quick win. Say you’re seeking funding for a personal finance tracking app. You can create a lead magnet PDF titled, “Secret Strategies To Stay On Track Financially.” However, a more attractive lead magnet would be a fillable PDF titled, “Personal Finance PDF Planner To Stay On Track Financially.” First of all, it’s more closely related to the product you want to build. And, it’s more useful because it’s fillable and clickable. Potential backers who download it can type their financial plans in it and click the goals they achieve. You can offer different types of lead magnets, including ebook guides, pdf templates, webinars, and free courses. Here are steps to create a lead magnet pdf for your Kickstarter project: Brainstorm an idea that provides value to potential backers Give it a magnetic title that attracts their attention Craft an introduction that connects with their struggles Add actionable content that gives them a quick win Close with a CTA that sends them to your Kickstarter page If you'd like to create a lead magnet pdf, click here to read the practical guide on how to do it. Step #2 - Set up an opt-in page to offer your lead magnet After creating an actionable lead magnet, the next step is to offer it to potential backers. And to do that, you’ll need an opt-in page. An opt-in page is a landing page where you offer the lead magnet. That is, where you convince potential backers to submit their email addresses in exchange for your freebie. People won’t download your lead magnet simply because it’s free. So your opt-in page can’t just say, “download our free ebook on how to stay on track financially.” You need to create a compelling opt-in page that will make potential backers desire your freebie.  One way to do this is to share what’s in the lead magnet and how it’ll benefit them. You can use landing page builders like or the landing page features of email marketing tools like to set up your opt-in page. Unbounce ConvertKit Lastly, you need to share the link to your lead magnet opt-in page. Potential backers have to see the page to be convinced to submit their email addresses. You can share your lead magnet on social media, guest posts, groups, forums, and the project website. Here are tips to set up a compelling opt-in page Write a benefit-driven headline that piques curiosity Add supporting copy that describes what they’ll get Include an image of the lead magnet or a video pitch Use an actionable CTA like “download free guide” Ask for only their name and email address in your form Step #3 - Launch an engaging email marketing campaign Building an email list for your Kickstarter project isn’t just for seeking funding for your project. Put yourself in a potential backer’s shoes. You submit your email address in exchange for a valuable PDF financial planner. And the next thing you know, you’re being asked to fund a personal finance app. You’ll likely hit the unsubscribe button. So, don’t send emails begging for funding immediately after capturing potential backers’ email addresses. Instead, send engaging emails that will generate interest in your idea. Talk about the problems your project will solve and ask their opinion. Share exclusive behind the scene information or photos, and so on. So, when you're ready to launch, they'll be committed to your journey and willing to back your project. Hence, it’s important to start building your email list weeks before your launch date. This will give you enough time to engage with the potential backers on your list. Here are tips to launch an engaging email marketing campaign Write subject lines that will compel backers to open and read your email Use copywriting formulas such as AIDA to write an engaging body copy. Ask for their opinion and offer more freebies and secret bonuses. Include a strong CTA that sends them to your Kickstarter page. Bottom Line: Use A Lead Magnet Freebie To Build Your Kickstarter Email List People don’t just wake up and think, “I should go back a startup project on Kickstarter.” You need an email list of people who are likely to fund your project when you launch. And, a lead magnet funnel is the fastest way to capture these potential backers. With the steps explained in this guide, you can build your Kickstarter email list with a lead magnet and have a successful crowdfunding campaign.

How To Build Your Kickstarter Email List With A Lead Magnet Funnel

Have you ever thought, “My sales funnel isn’t working”? Here’s the thing: Most B2B sales funnels aren't properly set up or optimized to make sales or create a smooth buyer's journey & experience. Some people think creating funnels involves mapping a couple of boxes in Flowchart and calling five of them [email]. Then they get stuck trying to figure out what actually goes into those emails. Others get practical and create landing pages & emails, but then fall back on the old “hope and pray strategy” that someone will convert. My point is that this kind of “build it and they’ll come” approach not only waste your time, money, and energy, but it’s also not sustainable. In this article, we’ll cover three steps to get clearer on your funnel and get better results: Creating an ideal client profile that loves your solution (this isn’t your average buyer persona) Writing copy they can’t disagree with Optimizing your offer so it’s irresistible It’s time to stop guessing about what converts and start writing copy that joins the conversation in your customer’s heads. And gets them to say yes to your solution. How can you know if your funnels don’t work? You’re neither writing copy for your ideal client nor controlling the customer journey. If you’ve ever felt like your copy isn’t relevant to your ideal client, or that your messaging isn’t connecting with them, then you’re in the right place. Many sales funnels don’t work because: They go on for AGES and eventually bore the buyer outta there The messaging doesn’t resonate with the target buyer The offer isn’t interesting enough to buy The underlying problem is that the funnel doesn’t start with the buyer’s experience or needs in mind. It’s all about the company getting as many leads as possible or forcing the customer through steps to get the solution. This strategy blows up eventually when the stats show low numbers and leads keep dropping off. Now, instead of creating content or copy you’re not sure will convert, take some time to evaluate who your ideal client is, what they need from your solution, and what they think about your business. When you research your ideal customer to find out what they need from your solution, you’ll know what to say that gets them to convert…and how to optimize your offer so it’s irresistible to them. I’ll take you through this in three steps… How you can start fixing your B2B sales funnel #1 Research your ideal client profile This isn’t your average “Debbie the Demand Gen Marketer with 3.5 kids” persona (lmao!?) This is the person who’s ready to buy from you and will fall in love with your offer. Before you show them that… You understand their problem, and You have the solution to their problem, You need to know how they feel about their current situation, the transformation they desire, and how to communicate your solution’s promise. It’s simple. Their Desired Outcome: What is the most important outcome they need to get right now, that will help them overcome their problem? For example, a busy marketer juggling multiple projects needs one platform to track & manage each project efficiently. How does your solution improve their: Quality of life, e.g their health? Social standing among their peers/family/colleagues? Business workflows or revenue? Finances? Their Attitude Toward Your Solution: What primary emotion do they feel when they learn about your solution? Are they skeptical of your solution? Do they approve of your solution? If they don’t trust your solution, your funnel should build trust. If they trust your solution, your funnel should prove that it will solve their problem. What Your Solution Helps Them Overcome: In the simplest words, what does your solution promise to solve for them? For example: LinkedIn helps you connect with professionals and find jobs Publer helps you schedule your social media content A recipe book shows you how to cook delicious food This is the first step to creating messaging that connects with people who want what you sell. The next one? It’s right below. 2# Change how they see your solution You’re looking for that A-ha moment, or the moment your prospect realizes your solution is perfect for them. When they’re at the end of your funnel, your prospects should convert their pre-existing beliefs to what you want them to believe. Life should look better for them as they adopt your solution. When they’re done with your solution, they should achieve (or soon achieve) their desired outcome. Time for a little research & discovery. Start asking your customers what they think about your solution & industry. You can also research social media, turn to your past interviews, analytics & surveys, or audit your competitors to see what they think. If your industry is known for sleazy practices, how can you show that you’re different? If they believe that [alternative solution] is good for them but it’s actually not, how can you show that your is better and safer? You can also ask yourself these questions to understand what they believe: What other solutions have they already tried? What do they need to do to finally achieve their desired outcome? What changes do they want to experience or see? How does your solution solve their number one problem? Before they reach that A-ha moment, understand what they need to think and feel first. #3 Optimize Your Offer You can’t do all this work, only for your customers to see your offer, think “I’ve seen it before,” and hop over to your competitors. What makes your solution a no-brainer and a priority? Here are a few brainstorming tips: What unique feature or process helps your customers solve their problems faster/more efficiently? What specific problem does your solution solve? Do you have proof that your solution works? This includes but isn’t limited to testimonials, studies, or statistics. What benefits of your solution help them reach their desired outcome? Here are two ways to optimize your offers: Make it easily accessible! When funnels are too long, they remove the urgency that buyers need to act quickly. Add a guarantee to remove risks. For example, if you offer a free trial, tell your prospects that they can cancel after X days and not be charged. Be transparent. Your funnel should always start (and end) with your customers in mind. TL;DR Create an ideal client profile Build your customer’s trust in your solution Optimize your offer to be irresistible 📌Liked this post? for more breakdowns on email, landing page, and funnel copywriting. Follow me on LinkedIn Also published . here

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