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From Web 1.0 to Web3: How the Internet Grew Over The Years

Photo by on Pawel Kadysz Unsplash Hello! Long wait is over. We are launching our latest product in the global marketplace today. Eulercoder is launching QuickGames — a global distributor of HTML5 and Android Games. We spent past three months in curating, building and testing our HTML5 games and today is the day we are ready to hit the market. QuickGames (An Eulercoder company) already partnered with many channel partners to distribute our games globally. We have over 230+ HTML5 games that we are distributing worldwide through our channel partners. Our simple pricing model and integration APIs make the integration of our games seamless and easy. This article covers all the information about QuickGames, our services, products, pricing model and basic FAQs. So let’s get started… QuickGames Partner Network — Yes, we are looking for distributors in the US, Canada and Australia 😉, Shoot us an email — hello@eulercoder.com Our Services 💼 QuickGames supports all the major devices and platforms, we have developed High Quality HTML5 games that be played on any device without downloading it. We support Android, iOS, Desktop, Browsers, In-flight entertainment systems, Smart TVs, OEMs or your own website or app. Our powerful APIs (99.9% uptime) let’s us integration our games on any platform. Eulercoder Games Mobile App 📱 Our beautifully designed mobile app can be easily white labeled and used anywhere. Our Mobile App has full support of Subscription APIs, Social Sign In, Social Leaderboard, Liked Game sections, User settings etc. Here is our mobile app demo. Web Portal 🖥 We are building our latest Web portal with top open source technologies — React, NodeJS, , GraphQL, Docker and AWS for servers. We want to make sure whatever we develop is the top notch product. As a tech company, we strive to create high quality and scalable web apps. gaming TypeScript APIs 🌐 We support many powerful APIs. We also build APIs if there is any specific requirement for our partners. Games API — Get the full list of all the games. Publisher API — API for publishers, get your publisher key and start using our games. Subscription API — If you would like to charge your users a subscription fee on monthly or weekly basis, we support that as well. Liked Games — Save liked games for users. User Activity — We have built APIs to save user activity, let users start where they had left. Pricing Model 💁🏻‍$ Our pricing models is very simple, no hidden cost, flat fees. We distribute games on 50–50% revenue share. So, 50% of the total revenue a partners make including but not limited too apps, web portal, browser and anywhere where our games are being played. Flat 500 USD/month if you would like to use our Mobile or web portal. 1000 USD/month if you would like to use both. All the handling, hosting, support, maintenance, required changes and customizations will be done by us. Who can join our partner network? 🤷🏻‍ Frankly speaking any company or person, though it’s good to have some userbase or network in the market for initial user acquisition. Telecom operators VAS Companies B2C companies Airlines FAQs 💁🏻‍ ​There is no specific requirement, just shoot us an email, let’s get our contract and NDA signed and we are ready to hit the market. What are the basic requirements to join Games partner network? ​It depends on how effectively we communicate and get things done, if you would like to use our mobile app or web portal, it can take upto one week for all the customizations and integration of all the required APIs. How long does it take to complete the integration? ​We usually sign the contract for 2 years and it can be easily extended. Contract lasts for how many years? ​You can cancel the contract anytime but you have to give one month of notice period. We don’t want our partners to leave us though. 🙈 What if I would like cancel the contract? If you like to join our partner network and distribute our games, please shoot us an email — hello [at] eulercoder [dot] com , we would love to hear from you and bring our games on your platform. You can also directly schedule a call to discuss about partnership . here Affiliates? If you have good network in the major telecom companies or if you can bring partners in our network, let’s talk, we are offering upto 10% of the total revenue to our affiliates. Write to us — hello [at] eulercoder [dot] com with subject “Affiliate Partner…” Ok, that’s all I have for now. More news in the upcoming weeks. Are you a developer? Would you like to help us in building QuickGames website? Let’s talk! Show Some Love. we are growing slowly as a company and a community. If you like what we are doing, show some love. Also Hey, if you like what you just read, please this resource by hitting the green “ ” icon, it on so that other people may also stumble upon this. like Recommend share Twitter or Facebook You can always contact me personally on or over . on to get access to more updates on Eulercoder in future. Linkedin Mail Follow me Medium

Bringing HTML5 games to life. Launching Eulercoder Games — QuickGames

Hello, My name is Lou, and I’ve been undergoing a multiyear internal questioning of the meaning of my life. Almost everyday I find myself spending many thought cycles questioning the purpose of all the actions in my life, wondering what it is they’re amounting to, if anything. The consequences of this have been nontrivial — I occasionally find myself with semi-crippling existential anxiety, and find it difficult to motivate myself to do anything besides metaphorically rot in my room. Why should I attempt to be productive when I’m unsure of the greater goal of any of my actions? [1]. And so I’m writing this essay with the goal of structuring some of these thoughts, and to hopefully end with some concrete actions and life goals to reduce the amount of anxiety in my life. In addition, I’m sharing this with you in case you find it interesting, relatable, or helpful in any way. Let’s start from the most zoomed out perspective. Of existentialism categories, I relate the most to , the belief that humanity’s pursuit of inherent meaning in the universe will inevitably fail, but regardless, we should continue to pursue it. Absurdism describes this conflict between a human’s desire to discover this meaning and the impossibility of it the “Absurd”. However, , a philosopher, argues that despite that, we should continue to pursue discovering meaning, even if we never truly find it. Perhaps the pursuit of meaning will have meaning itself, or perhaps someday we will actually discover true meaning. I mean, we’ll never know unless we try, right? I actually consider this argument to be both practical and romantic. Practical in the sense that, really, what else can we do but try? Romantic in the sense that, despite the impossibility of the task, we should be optimistic and defiantly continue hoping and trying. absurdism Albert Camus Camus illustrates this in . The Wikipedia summary: The Myth of Sisyphus In the last chapter, Camus outlines the legend of Sisyphus who defied the gods and put Death in chains so that no human needed to die. When Death was eventually liberated and it came time for Sisyphus himself to die, he concocted a deceit which let him escape from the underworld. Finally captured, the gods decided on his punishment for all eternity. He would have to push a rock up a mountain; upon reaching the top, the rock would roll down again, leaving Sisyphus to start over. Camus sees Sisyphus as the absurd hero who lives life to the fullest, hates death, and is condemned to a meaningless task. Camus is interested in Sisyphus’ thoughts when marching down the mountain, to start anew. After the stone falls back down the mountain Camus states that “It is during that return, that pause, that Sisyphus interests me. A face that toils so close to stones is already stone itself! I see that man going back down with a heavy yet measured step toward the torment of which he will never know the end.” This is the truly tragic moment, when the hero becomes conscious of his wretched condition. He does not have hope, but “there is no fate that cannot be surmounted by scorn.” Acknowledging the truth will conquer it; Sisyphus, just like the absurd man, keeps pushing. Camus claims that when Sisyphus acknowledges the futility of his task and the certainty of his fate, he is freed to realize the absurdity of his situation and to reach a state of contented acceptance. The essay concludes, “The struggle itself […] is enough to fill a man’s heart. One must imagine Sisyphus happy”. I love this story / metaphor. While our everyday work and tasks are certainly more meaningful than repeatedly pushing a rock up a hill only to see it roll down again, the amount they contribute to our attempt to find inherent meaning is arguably equally as unexceptional. With absurdism in mind, I’ve decided perhaps I shouldn’t spend too much time worrying about inherent meaning in the universe. In my lifetime, it is very unlikely we will ever learn why or how the universe or humanity was created. I also don’t think I’m capable of contributing at all to this discovery. Without that knowledge, attempting to discover inherent meaning in the universe or in something greater than ourselves will be even more likely to be fruitless. So if inherent meaning is impractical to pursue in my lifetime and I’ve decided to continue pursuing meaning, what kind of meaning should I pursue? Well, selfishly, I guess what I’m really trying to accomplish is to feel like my life has meaning. If I think my life can have meaning, does that mean that lives, in general, are meaningful? Because I am conscious and think my life can be meaningful, does that mean that all consciouses can have meaning to me? While I think this line of reasoning is fairly weak, it does make me think that the most meaningful part of my life are my fellow conscious humans around me. Putting that thought aside for a while, perhaps we should zoom in a little. I guess put more simply, I think my life would be meaningful if I felt fulfilled. Introspecting and reflecting on the experiences in my life, I think I’ve felt the most fulfilled when I solved problems, whether that was problems for work, problems for my friends and family, or problems in my life. I think perhaps humans have, over a long period of time, evolved an innate need to solve problems. Without unconditional, unending support, an individual will never survive or consistently find moments of happiness or pleasure without repeatedly solving problems. I think solving problems also makes me feel useful, and sometimes even feel needed. I grew up incredibly lucky and privileged. For over twenty years of my life, my only real “problem” and focus was on education to eventually find a job to sustain myself during adulthood. After college (which my parents paid for), I worked as a software engineer at a high paying company. With more money than I knew what to practically do with, I quickly found myself with only trivial first world problems, like wondering where I should vacation to next or what TV show I should watch next. The only real problem I had in my life was what I was going to do with it. technology I often find myself contrasting this life with the lives of my ancestors. My ancestors worked on farms for as long as anyone in my family knows. Their lives were difficult — constantly worrying about money, performing difficult physical labor everyday in the fields, and truly worrying about the wellbeing of their family. This contrast inspired two interesting thoughts. First, I wondered if my ancestors lived incredibly meaningful and fulfilling lives. While stressful and difficult, the work they did everyday sowed visible, concrete contributions to solving their major life problems. Second, it made me feel guilty about feeling unhappy. Wasn’t this life what my ancestors wanted for me? Wasn’t this what they worked so hard everyday for? [2] Going back to point one, I can only imagine that they lived incredibly meaningful and fulfilling lives. If I was in their shoes, spending everyday solving problems that directly helped people I cared about must feel rewarding. Is there a way for me to do that too? I think my anxiety is perhaps also slightly exacerbated by working in Silicon Valley. Everyday I read about all the amazing projects and ideas people are actively working on to better the world. I also truly believe that Silicon Valley as a whole is doing a great deal of good for the world. The survivorship bias of the news has made me unrealistically believe that I, too, can have impact and change the world. Don’t get me wrong, I don’t think this is strictly a bad thing. These stories inspire me to want to do good on a large scale. But the expectation versus the likelihood of actually achieving that expectation in my lifetime probably wasn’t as far off for my ancestors. Well, regardless, even so, I have to start somewhere. What can I do in my life to help others so I can feel fulfilled [3]? My life comprises of a few major components: Work We spend an estimated of our lifetime at work, so work seems like a clear candidate to change to spend more time working on something that I find fulfilling. Since I want to help people, what kind of work should I transition into? An extreme thought I had was to move to somewhere where I could directly see the effect my work had on bettering someone’s life; for example, doing manual labor for a non-profit to build houses in areas of extreme poverty. The thing, though, is that I probably wouldn’t be exceptionally good at it, and it would probably be more impactful if I donated the difference in income working as a software engineer to an organization that is better suited for building houses in areas of extreme poverty. The fulfillment I’ll receive from work is probably a function of both how direct the impact is in addition to how much of an impact I actually had. Is there a job where I could help people, be good at it, and be effective? [4] 80000 hours I realized that I don’t need to swing so hard on the kinds of things I work on — not everyone can directly work on “the world’s most pressing problems”. We’re all doing good in some way, and we have our own preferences in what good we care about or what we’re interested in. I’ve decided to start looking for a job that either directly or indirectly helps an overarching cause that I feel strongly about. Free Time There are many things I care about that, unfortunately, are more difficult to work on as a sustainable career. For example, it bothers me that underprivileged communities don’t have access to the same amount of Computer Science education that other communities do. While my contribution is likely negligible and is treating symptom instead of cause, I’ve started volunteering at an organization that hosts after school computer science classes for specifically underprivileged communities near me. I hope to find other ways for me to contribute my time to things I care about soon. Income I’ve been reading a lot about recently. Effective Altruism focuses on the most effective ways to solve the world’s most pressing issues. One simple way to help is to donate money, and Effective Altruism has you can donate to that will give money to what they’ve analyzed to be the most effective non-profits for a given cause. also has a of what they’ve analyzed to be the most effective charities. While the action of donating money and the effect it’ll have on people feel fairly far removed, I do believe it’s the right thing to do, and . This year, I’ve decided to donate 1% of my income to various charities (mostly ones listed on Give Well), and I think it’s helped me feel a lot better about my work and how I can use what I’ve earned to help people. effective altruism funds Give Well list try to care is a community of effective givers who created a to help you track your donations. Many people there also to give away 10% of their income to effective charities. I think this is something I eventually want to do, but am having trouble mustering the courage to do it. I plan on donating 5% of my income next year and will iterate from there. Giving What We Can tool pledged Something I realized about donating money is that it’s a trade off between how much I care about helping others now versus how much I think the money will help me (in any way, including helping me help others in the ). It’s interesting because the more money I accumulate, the lower the marginal utility is per dollar. And so, the more money I accumulate, the more money I’ll be able to give away without affecting my quality of life. At an extreme, think about how Zuckerberg is donating 99% of his net worth. The amount of good that money will do for the world is incredible, but his quality of life with 1% of his net worth probably isn’t drastically different than with 100%. I’m not trying to downplay his contributions at all — he’s a wonderful philanthropist doing incredible amounts of good for the world, but I think it clearly illustrates the idea that it’s easier to give away a larger percent of your income the larger your income is. future Family and friends My family and friends enrich my life. They make me smile and laugh. They share in my joys and in my sorrows. They’re people I care deeply about. I’ve decided I should make a more conscious effort to maintain close friendships and to spend more mindful, quality time with these people in an attempt to give to them what they’ve given me. Romantic Life Partner I put a significant other in a separate category because I think there’s something particularly special about a romantic relationship in the role it plays in the meaning of my life. To me, a significant other is much more than someone I endlessly enjoy spending quality time with. While the romantic side of it makes it easier to bond, I think I also personally hold a large responsibility on the quality of my significant other’s life (similar to the responsibility one would have to their children). I actually prefer to think of my significant other as a “life partner” than as someone I’m just dating. I hope that my significant other will help me contribute to my life goals the same way I hope to help contribute to theirs. I imagine the responsibility and good I can contribute to someone I care so much about would be incredibly fulfilling. I’ve decided I should make a more conscious effort to attempt to contribute to my romantic life partner’s life goals, and attempt for us to move more as a unit than as two separate individuals. Thanks for making it this far. It took me a long time (wall clock time) to write this because I had many ideas about different aspects of my life and how they all tied together. I personally found it insightful, enjoyable, and cathartic to express all of my thoughts into a single essay like this. I hope you found this interesting or helpful in any way. Sincerely, Lou Chen [1] It’s true that not all actions need a defined goal at the moment (if you follow a positive trajectory, you’ll likely end up somewhere much better than you were before, even if you had no idea where it was exactly you were going towards at the time of the action), but the looming uncertainty and lack of even a clear “bigger picture” can be anxiety-inducing for me. [2] I’m probably exaggerating and romanticizing their lives quite a bit. It’s possible they were so busy dealing with all the imminent issues in their lives that they didn’t even have time to ponder if they felt fulfilled or not. describes this phenomenon quite well. However, even so, the guilt remains, though I’ve recently been doing a better job of . On the topic of what’s helped me feel less anxious, I also started seeing a therapist! Seeing a therapist has also made me feel significantly less guilty about the contrast between my life and my ancestors. I highly recommend anyone who suffers from depression or anxiety to take the initiative to see one. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs giving myself the permission to feel whatever it is I’ve been feeling [3] A quick note about “helping others so I can feel fulfilled”. It’s clear that my motivations for doing good for others is a bit selfish, but I guess I look at it as a win-win, so I don’t feel guilty about it. Things will (hopefully) be made betters for others and I can also feel good about it. Wouldn’t the world be better off if more people felt this way? [4] The Japanese call this balance ! Ikigai

A Personal Story about Existential Anxiety and the Pursuit of Fulfillment

Hello My organisation had a directory structure for projects like: grunt/Gruntfile.js grunt/package.json grunt/node_modules/ web/index.html (well, .php) web/js/script.js Which had been fine with our for SCSS, JS etc. grunt toolchain When I added JSX and via I found I encountered an react browserify “Error running grunt-browserify” >> Error: Cannot find module ‘react’ from ‘/directory/of/source/jsx’ There may be a simple way of telling (or similar, I had the same errors when investigating alternatives) the location of the node_modules/ for modules, presets and plugins, but until I find out what it is, I have reorganised to: grunt-browserify /Gruntfile.js /package.json /node_modules web/index.html web/js/react-app.js And changed my to reflect that the web/* source files folder live in a child directory (web/) rather than a sibling (../web/). Gruntfile.js >> Bundle web/js/react-app.js created. I would prefer to have not moved my directories around, but for now, my OCD can live with a bit of pollution of the parent directory.

Reorganising a directory structure to solve “Cannot find module/preset/plugin” in grunt with babel…

The Biggest Mistake UX Designers Make In Their Portfolios My controversial tip to get you more interviews. I’ve been hiring designers for the past 4 years. During that time, I’ve seen amazing portfolios and terrible ones. This is probably going to be controversial. It might annoy you — but this isn’t about what’s right. This is just my practical trick to get you more interviews. Here’s the biggest hurdle I faced when recruiting designers: UX portfolios have too much text Recruiters review hundreds of portfolios per day. They spend probably 5 minutes per portfolio on a good day. On a bad day, it might be 30 seconds. They won’t admit it, but they don’t read most of what you write. As a UX designer, this is horrifying because your portfolio is mostly information. It’s the problems you need to solve. It’s your research, your deep insights, and the clever ways you solved these problems. None of this matters if the recruiter doesn’t read it. Even if the recruiter has time to read, it’s tough to properly judge UX from looking at wireframes and mocks. The best way to evaluate an onboarding or a purchase flow is to use the product. If available, you should provide links to shipped products and interactive prototypes. Even then, recruiters might only have time to try one or two. Also, recruiters are not your target audience. They might not appreciate your solution as much as your real users would. Most of the time, I review student portfolios. This means there is no real product to try. It’s all text, wireframes, and a few mocks. So what should graduate UX designers do? Show as much UI and visual design as you can Maybe you specialize in UX. Maybe you don’t think you’re good enough at UI. However, if you want to get more interviews, my recommendation is to get good at it and have a lot of it in your portfolio. One of my favorite designer out there is Salomon Aurélien. Check out his Dribbble and Behance. I guarantee he’s flooded with job offers every day. Aurélien’s Behance page. Why? Because it’s easier and faster to judge UI than UX. Great visual design is instantly obvious. A 10-seconds look at Aurélien’s portfolio is enough to immediately feel the quality. Here’s the most messed up part: When recruiters see amazing UI, they immediately assume that the designer is also amazing at UX. This is the attractiveness bias. We attribute unrelated positive qualities to beautiful things. It’s true for people, architecture, and also for design portfolios. I know, it’s wrong. I’ve worked with great UI designers who were terrible at UX, and vice versa. Still, when I see great UI, I can’t shake off that feeling. Aurélien could be terrible at UX. It wouldn’t matter. He would still get a ton of job offers. If you want to make it as easy as possible to get interviews, focus on UI. UI gets you the interview. UX gets you the job This is how it usually plays out. Recruiters source hundreds of portfolios. They make quick judgment calls based on first impressions. They narrow down to a few candidates. Then, they reach out and talk about UX. The interview is the best time to show off your UX work. You have the full attention of the recruiter. You have the time to explain the problems, the research, your findings, and your clever solutions. You can demo your prototypes and explain why the design matches your target audience’s needs. UI gets you the interview. UX gets you the job. “But I suck at UI” Bullshit. There is no such thing as being bad at UI. Visual design is a skill that can be learned just like anything else. When someone tells me they suck at UI, I assume two possibilities. Best case scenario: they never took the time to properly learn it. Worst case: they suck at design in general, so they “specialize” in UX because it’s easier to hide. I’ve done both UX and UI for 10 years. In my experience, UI is much easier than UX. It’s the easy and fun part — the dessert at the end of a hard project. If you can’t figure out proper color and spacing, I don’t know that I can trust you to fix our multi-million dollar purchase flow. “How can I learn UI?” Here are the best ways to improve at UI design: Learn the fundamentals
Develop an eye for good design
Practice and share 1. Learn the fundamentals “I’m not the artistic type” The first thing to understand about UI is that is not art. It’s more objective than subjective. There are rules and logic to good aesthetics. These rules are fairly simple to learn. I’ve seen engineers create high-quality UI after a few hours of reading up on the basics. There’s a lot of information online about these rules. Here are a few articles to get you started: How To Make Your Not-So-Great Visual Design Better
Fundamental design principles for non-designers
How to use colors in UI Design
Optical Adjustment
White Space
Hierarchy 2. Develop an eye for good design Once you got the basics, you should develop your taste. This is done by looking at good designs every day. Over time, you build an intuitive understanding of what proper typography, color, spacing, and layout looks like. To do so, I recommend using a browser extension to replace your default tab with a Dribbble feed. I use Muzli, but you can also use Panda or Design Hunt. Muzli can replace your new browser tab with a Dribbble feed. It also helps to create a Dribbble and a Behance account, and start following great designers. Here are some good ones to start with: Aurélien Salomon
Mike from Creative Mint
Cuberto
Ramotion 3. Practice and share A friend of mine, who’s an incredible UX designer, was looking for a new job. She applied to a few places and didn’t get the responses she wanted. She thought her portfolio was ugly, and she hated it. So she started the Daily UI challenge. At first, I made fun of her. I said: “This isn’t real design. There are no constraints. This is art.” But she did it anyway. She shared her Daily UI on Behance, every day. Yansou’s Behance Page. After 10 days, the private messages started pouring in. Recruiters were contacting her on LinkedIn and Behance to offer interviews. After 20 days, she had accepted her new job at Wix. She was happy, and she stopped the challenge. I was blown away. As a designer, I don’t think she improved that much in those 20 days. She still considers herself a UX designer. She mostly does UX at her new job. However, by creating a lot of great visuals and sharing them to the world, she got the recruiters’ attention. They couldn’t care less that there was no context or hard problem behind her designs. They saw a variety of great visuals. They saw talent, and they reached out. P.S. It’s OK if you want to focus on UX. Don’t force yourself into a UI if you don’t want to. But if you want to make it as easy as possible to get interviews, this is what I’ve seen works best. Also, if you want to try Daily UI, check out CollectUI for some nice inspiration. If you enjoyed or learned something from this, please hit the 👏 clap button. It helps to bring this text to more people. Pro-tip: You can clap up to 50 times :) The Biggest Mistake UX Designers Make In Their Portfolios My controversial tip to get you more interviews. I’ve been hiring designers for the past 4 years. During that time, I’ve seen amazing portfolios and terrible ones. This is probably going to be controversial. It might annoy you — but this isn’t about what’s right. This is just my practical trick to get you more interviews. Here’s the biggest hurdle I faced when recruiting designers: UX portfolios have too much text Recruiters review hundreds of portfolios per day. They spend probably 5 minutes per portfolio on a good day. On a bad day, it might be 30 seconds. They won’t admit it, but they don’t read most of what you write . they don’t read most of what you write As a UX designer, this is horrifying because your portfolio is mostly information. It’s the problems you need to solve. It’s your research, your deep insights, and the clever ways you solved these problems. None of this matters if the recruiter doesn’t read it. Even if the recruiter has time to read, it’s tough to properly judge UX from looking at wireframes and mocks . The best way to evaluate an onboarding or a purchase flow is to use the product. it’s tough to properly judge UX from looking at wireframes and mocks If available, you should provide links to shipped products and interactive prototypes . Even then, recruiters might only have time to try one or two. Also, recruiters are not your target audience. They might not appreciate your solution as much as your real users would. should provide links to shipped products and interactive prototypes Most of the time, I review student portfolios. This means there is no real product to try. It’s all text, wireframes, and a few mocks. So what should graduate UX designers do? Show as much UI and visual design as you can Maybe you specialize in UX. Maybe you don’t think you’re good enough at UI. However, if you want to get more interviews, my recommendation is to get good at it and have a lot of it in your portfolio. One of my favorite designer out there is Salomon Aurélien . Check out his Dribbble and Behance . I guarantee he’s flooded with job offers every day. Salomon Aurélien Dribbble Behance Aurélien’s Behance page . Behance page Why? Because it’s easier and faster to judge UI than UX. Great visual design is instantly obvious. A 10-seconds look at Aurélien’s portfolio is enough to immediately feel the quality. Here’s the most messed up part: When recruiters see amazing UI, they immediately assume that the designer is also amazing at UX. When recruiters see amazing UI, they immediately assume that the designer is also amazing at UX. This is the attractiveness bias . We attribute unrelated positive qualities to beautiful things. It’s true for people, architecture, and also for design portfolios. attractiveness bias I know, it’s wrong. I’ve worked with great UI designers who were terrible at UX, and vice versa. Still, when I see great UI, I can’t shake off that feeling. Aurélien could be terrible at UX. It wouldn’t matter. He would still get a ton of job offers. If you want to make it as easy as possible to get interviews, focus on UI. focus on UI. UI gets you the interview. UX gets you the job This is how it usually plays out. Recruiters source hundreds of portfolios. They make quick judgment calls based on first impressions. They narrow down to a few candidates. Then, they reach out and talk about UX. The interview is the best time to show off your UX work. You have the full attention of the recruiter. You have the time to explain the problems, the research, your findings, and your clever solutions. You can demo your prototypes and explain why the design matches your target audience’s needs. UI gets you the interview. UX gets you the job. “But I suck at UI” “But I suck at UI” Bullshit. Bullshit. There is no such thing as being bad at UI. Visual design is a skill that can be learned just like anything else. When someone tells me they suck at UI, I assume two possibilities. Best case scenario: they never took the time to properly learn it . Worst case: they suck at design in general, so they “specialize” in UX because it’s easier to hide. they never took the time to properly learn it I’ve done both UX and UI for 10 years. In my experience, UI is much easier than UX. It’s the easy and fun part — the dessert at the end of a hard project. If you can’t figure out proper color and spacing, I don’t know that I can trust you to fix our multi-million dollar purchase flow. “How can I learn UI?” “How can I learn UI?” Here are the best ways to improve at UI design: Learn the fundamentals Develop an eye for good design Practice and share Learn the fundamentals Develop an eye for good design Practice and share 1. Learn the fundamentals “I’m not the artistic type” “I’m not the artistic type” The first thing to understand about UI is that is not art. It’s more objective than subjective. There are rules and logic to good aesthetics. These rules are fairly simple to learn. I’ve seen engineers create high-quality UI after a few hours of reading up on the basics. There’s a lot of information online about these rules. Here are a few articles to get you started: How To Make Your Not-So-Great Visual Design Better Fundamental design principles for non-designers How to use colors in UI Design Optical Adjustment White Space Hierarchy How To Make Your Not-So-Great Visual Design Better How To Make Your Not-So-Great Visual Design Better Fundamental design principles for non-designers Fundamental design principles for non-designers How to use colors in UI Design How to use colors in UI Design Optical Adjustment Optical Adjustment White Space White Space Hierarchy Hierarchy 2. Develop an eye for good design Once you got the basics, you should develop your taste . taste This is done by looking at good designs every day. Over time, you build an intuitive understanding of what proper typography, color, spacing, and layout looks like. To do so, I recommend using a browser extension to replace your default tab with a Dribbble feed. I use Muzli , but you can also use Panda or Design Hunt . Muzli Panda Design Hunt Muzli can replace your new browser tab with a Dribbble feed. Muzli It also helps to create a Dribbble and a Behance account, and start following great designers. Here are some good ones to start with: Aurélien Salomon Mike from Creative Mint Cuberto Ramotion Aurélien Salomon Aurélien Salomon Mike from Creative Mint Mike from Creative Mint Cuberto Cuberto Ramotion Ramotion 3. Practice and share A friend of mine, who’s an incredible UX designer, was looking for a new job. She applied to a few places and didn’t get the responses she wanted. She thought her portfolio was ugly, and she hated it. So she started the Daily UI challenge. So she started the Daily UI Daily UI challenge. At first, I made fun of her. I said: “This isn’t real design. There are no constraints. This is art.” “This isn’t real design. There are no constraints. This is art.” But she did it anyway. She shared her Daily UI on Behance , every day. Daily UI on Behance Yansou’s Behance Page. Yansou’s Behance Page. After 10 days, the private messages started pouring in . Recruiters were contacting her on LinkedIn and Behance to offer interviews. After 10 days, the private messages started pouring in After 20 days, she had accepted her new job at Wix . She was happy, and she stopped the challenge. I was blown away. After 20 days, she had accepted her new job at Wix As a designer, I don’t think she improved that much in those 20 days. She still considers herself a UX designer. She mostly does UX at her new job. However, by creating a lot of great visuals and sharing them to the world, she got the recruiters’ attention. They couldn’t care less that there was no context or hard problem behind her designs. They saw a variety of great visuals. They saw talent, and they reached out. P.S. It’s OK if you want to focus on UX. Don’t force yourself into a UI if you don’t want to. But if you want to make it as easy as possible to get interviews, this is what I’ve seen works best. Also, if you want to try Daily UI, check out CollectUI for some nice inspiration. CollectUI If you enjoyed or learned something from this, please hit the 👏 clap button. It helps to bring this text to more people. Pro-tip: You can clap up to 50 times :) Pro-tip:

The Biggest Mistake UX Designers Make In Their Portfolios

How I Got a Design Job at Google

How crypto could bring one of the most important concentrations of power the world has ever seen. The more I think about crypto, the more I get about our future. scared On the one hand, cryptocurrency seems like a libertarian dream. The technology allows transacting money — or anything of value — over the Internet without any third parties involved. Crypto is all about empowering individuals. Projects like Bitcoin are open source, permissionless, borderless, censorship-resistant and beyond the control of anyone. They put the existence of banks into question and hint at a world of . radical self-governance On the other hand, cryptocurrencies could also be used by governments to gain terrifying power over the population. More than they ever had in history. How is that possible? Consider : the idea of a centralized cryptocurrency built by a government and meant to replace its currency. FedCoin Cryptocurrency = Programmable Money Since Bitcoin, the most important innovation in crypto is arguably the creation of projects like . These are like Bitcoin, but they add an important feature: they can perform any computation. Turing complete Ethereum Because these cryptocurrencies can run computer code, it’s possible to build and distribute applications on them. These are called , and they are absolutely revolutionary. In short, they allow us to . smart contracts program money For governments, being able to program money is one of the best things that could happen. Why? Here are a few examples: 1. Automating Taxes Imagine a world where the US government replaces the dollar with FedCoin. Then, they program the entire tax code directly into the money. In this world, every time you get paid or spend money, taxes are automatically deducted from the transaction. You no longer need to hire an accountant at the end of the year. Everything is calculated in real time through smart contracts. Crypto could make accountants as irrelevant as self-driving cars will make bus and cab drivers irrelevant. Never again. Think of all the wasted time this could save. US citizens spend about per year dealing with taxes, leading to about $233 billion in productivity loss. Automating taxes would save considerable time and money for you and me, and even more for businesses and the government itself. 6.1 billion hours 2. Automating Distribution of Money Beyond taxation, FedCoin could also automate the redistribution of money. Say a politician promises to invest 10% more money in education. Rather than those being just empty words, he could program it directly into the blockchain. Then, every time the government collects taxes, 10% would be automatically redirected to the Department of Education. With FedCoin, you would no longer need to trust politicians. You could trust the code itself. The same could go with any other distribution of money. Need to give a stimulus payment? No need to send physical checks tough the mail, and no need to worry about people fraudulently trying to steal the money. You could do the whole thing with a single line of code. 3. Transparent Government FedCoin could also make the government a lot more transparent. One of the biggest misconceptions about crypto is that transactions are anonymous. With the exception of , they’re not. It’s the opposite. You can go on today, download Bitcoin’s blockchain and see every transaction ever made on the network. By design, every Bitcoin transaction is public. privacy coins bitcoin.org Bitcoin’s blockchain is essentially a public spreadsheet. You can browse it at . blockchain.info If FedCoin was to be built that way, anyone could access the blockchain, look up the government’s address and see exactly how the politicians are spending our money. Considering the US government has in the last 20 years (that’s trillion with a just about as much money as the ), more transparency would be very welcome. lost the trace of 21 trillion dollars T — entire national debt The Bitcoin Bankruptcy Problem Crypto could make the government finances incredibly more efficient and transparent. So what’s so scary about it? Consider the following: A allows you to carry your money in your head. Literally. brain wallet Imagine you borrow $1,000,000 from your bank and use it to buy Bitcoins. Then, you put them into a secret personal wallet. You destroy any traces of the private key, except for the 12 words you have memorized. Now, the only way to access that borrowed money is in your brain. mnemonic phrase Then, you go back to your bank, declare bankruptcy and refuse to pay back the loan. Normally, the bank, the court, and the government would team up to seize everything you have so they can hopefully get the money back. Only now, because the money is mathematically encrypted on the blockchain, there’s nothing they can do. That million dollar is yours forever. You can do this today. I’m dead serious. I’m surprised there’s hasn’t been a famous case of someone doing it already. Granted, if you were to do that, you should probably leave the country forever. Otherwise, you would most likely be charged fraud and put in jail for a very long time. The point is: For governments, this is a huge problem. If everyone starts doing reckless things like defaulting on loans or stop paying their taxes entirely, the system could collapse. There’s no way they would allow it. cryptocurrencies are above the law. So what happens when a government wants all the benefits of programmable money but doesn’t want to lose control over it? The solution is simple: They create FedCoin and use it to replace the national currency. They code for themselves. That way, they can freeze or seize people’s funds when they try to cross them. a backdoor access In all likelihood, they would probably they can’t control. Oh and while they’re at it, why not as well. They can’t control it either, and cash is the easiest way to commit crimes. ban Bitcoin, Ethereum, and every other open cryptocurrency ban cash If FedCoin happens, politicians will inevitably give themselves absolute control over the money. With FedCoin, if you try to commit fraud, governments won’t need to go through the courts and the banks to seize your money. They could do it at the press of a button. If this doesn’t scare you, ask yourself the following question: What if Hitler had FedCoin? Imagine if, in 1943, Hitler had absolute control over all of Germany’s money. What if, at the press of a button, he could have frozen the money of half of the German population? History would have played out very differently. Or consider the , a new program where everyone is given a score between 350 and 950, just like your credit score. Except the score isn’t just about the quality of your finances, it’s about your entire value as a citizen. Chinese’s Social Credit Under this program, when you do something wrong, your score goes down. It can be jaywalking, not paying back a loan in time, committing a crime, or just being friends with someone with a low score. When your social score goes down, so does your quality of life. If you’ve seen this , you know how this ends. Black Mirror episode In China, a low social score means limited access to finance, higher interest and tax rates, and even slower internet speed. If it goes too low, you can’t send your kids to private school or from buying plane and train tickets anymore. The point is to make life for you and your family as miserable as possible if you don’t behave as the government wants. exactly With FedCoin, the money itself would prevent you from buying things if your score is too low. This might sound like a dystopian nightmare, but this is happening right now. The Chinese government is ahead of its goal of implementing the system nationwide by 2020. Even weirder, most so far, because the program offers perks to those who behave nicely. people seem to enjoy it It’s easy to imagine how social credit could take a dark turn under a corrupt government. Once implemented nationwide, nothing prevents them from ruining your score if, say, you go to the wrong protest or vote for the wrong party. Social credit is leveraging money to become the ultimate system of control. I bring this up because it seems to me that FedCoin is the missing ingredient for China to implement such a system nationwide. With it, all the social credit rules could be coded directly into the money. Given that, it’s no surprise China started working on its own . They also started clamping down on other cryptocurrencies by , , and . I bet China will be the first country to launch FedCoin, and social credit will be a core feature. Fedcoin since 2016 banning ICOs crypto mining foreign exchange trading The Coming Crossroad Digital money is inevitable. It might happen in 10 or 100 years, but at some point, most currencies in the world will be digital. The benefits are just too great. The problem is, as money becomes digital, it gives those who control it . Today, digital money allows banks and governments to track every single transaction you do. They get to decide who can receive and spend money, and who can’t. If you cross them, they can freeze or seize your money at the press of a button. None of those things were possible when money was simply cash. Programmable money will make all of this much worse. increasingly more power over the rest of us That’s where cryptocurrencies come in. The point of crypto is to get the convenience of digital money without anyone having to be in charge. Governments are increasingly exploring the idea of FedCoin. They want all the benefits of Bitcoin except for the last part where they have to let go of their control over money. They are missing the entire point. Technology can be used for both good and evil. Nuclear can power millions of homes, but it can also destroy them. Cryptocurrency is no different. As a society, we’ll need to decide how we want to use this new technology. Do we want a world where we have an open, global, decentralized, permission-less monetary system? A currency of the people, by the people, for the people. Or do we want a world where governments are in charge of digital money, with the potential for massive abuse and oppression down the road? These are the questions that we’ll need to face in the coming decade. Please hit 👏 if you enjoyed or learned from this. Want to learn more about crypto? Check out these other mind-bending stories of mine👇 _This is a 100 trillion dollar bill from Zimbabwe. It’s worth around $0.40 US right now. I got it as a reminder of what…_hackernoon.com Today I Became a Trillionaire _Crypto Kitties is about so much more than cats._medium.com People are spending $millions on digital cats and here’s why it makes sense

The Terrifying Future of FedCoin

Bitcoin and Snapchat are two massively popular products. While they’re both very different, at the core of their successes is the same counter-intuitive idea. Understanding it helps us see what the next billion dollar product might be. Bitcoin One of the most important features of computers is that they can . effortlessly duplicate information It’s hard to appreciate how convenient this is. Before computers, if I sent you a hand-written letter, the letter was gone. There could only be one version of that letter in the world. Today, I can send the same email to a near-infinite amount of people. A big part of the 90s and the 2000s was about getting used to this new world where information, music, movies, etc, could be infinitely duplicated and shared. Today we’re used to it. We take it for granted. Bitcoin changes that. Bitcoin’s biggest innovation is . This means it’s digital but unique. Just like an email, you can instantly send it to anyone in the world. But unlike an email, you can’t duplicate it. Like a hand-written letter, when you send a Bitcoin, it’s gone. digital scarcity In a way, Bitcoin brings us back to the pre-computer days. Its big innovation isn’t about adding a new feature. It’s about : the computer’s ability to duplicate digital things. removing one This idea is so simple it’s almost dumb. Yet it created a . It kickstarted thousands of new startups and about technology, finance, and governance. $300+ billion market completely changed the way we think Snapchat Another feature of computers is that, by default, they . remember everything Thus, in the 2000s, when Facebook and Twitter brought our personal lives in the digital world, we faced something new. For the first time, every interaction we had with each other was recorded forever. We didn’t realize it at the time, but there was something extremely uncanny about it. This is because, in real life, human interactions aren’t forever. They fade away. They are ephemeral. Then came Snapchat. Its big innovation: . ephemeral messaging Just like Bitcoin, Snapchat brought us back to the somewhat pre-computer days. For the first time, digital conversations could fade away just like in real life. It was an instant hit. Like Bitcoin, Snapchat big innovation wasn’t about adding a new feature. It was about : the computer’s ability to remember everything. removing one Once again, a simple, dumb, counterintuitive change created a massive market: a $16 billion company and a feature now used . by 1.2+ billion people around the world Conclusion Bitcoin and Snapchat might be very different products, but at the core of their successes is the same idea: instead of adding new features, they removed one. Their creators took a hard look at the of computers. In this case: the persistence and effortless duplication of information. While everyone else thought these proprieties were inevitable consequences of computers, they removed them. By doing so, they created massively successful products now used around the world. fundamental proprieties These products were successful because they made technology more human. They brought it closer to how life was before computers. I believe Bitcoin and Snapchat are just the tip of the iceberg. There is a lot of more of these opportunities left to discover. Today everyone is competing to build the next killer feature: AR, VR, AI, etc. What if the key isn’t about building new features, but removing them? Is this the future we really want? Computers are weird and uncanny. They have fundamental proprieties that make them completely different from how we evolved in the last million years. They’re fast. They compute at the speed of light. They duplicate and transmit information effortlessly. They remember everything. The 90s and 2000s were spent getting used to these weird new inventions. The next decade will be about making them less alien, more real life. Please hit 👏 if you enjoyed or learned from this.

What Bitcoin and Snapchat Reveal About The Future of Tech

This is a 100 trillion dollar bill from Zimbabwe. It’s worth around right now. I got it as a reminder of what can happen when governments and banks make reckless and irresponsible financial decisions. $0.40 US Back in 1980, one Zimbabwean dollar was worth roughly one US dollar. But after tanking the economy, the government started printing money in a desperate attempt to save it. This led to a vicious spiral of hyperinflation. In 2009, , compared to an average of 3.5% worldwide. Zimbabwe’s inflation was 231,150,888.87% Think about the people who worked hard their entire life maybe to save $100,000. Then, in just a few years, they saw their government flood the market with $100,000,000,000 notes that couldn’t even buy them a meal. These people saw the value of their lifelong earnings turn into nothing, and they couldn’t do anything about it. Zimbabwe is the worst case of hyperinflation, but this is happening in many other countries such as Venezuela, Argentina, Brazil and even in the US. The USD Printing Machine The US dollar hasn’t been backed by gold or anything else . Currently, private banks create money out of thin air by Since 2008, the government printed over , effectively quadrupling the total amount of US dollars in circulation. Thankfully, the government managed to keep inflation under control, but this situation is very worrisome to some economists. since 1971 lending up to 10 times the money they don’t have. 4 trillion dollars Total USD in circulation since 1980. Today, we’re at about 3.9 trillion. In a debt-based economy, it is somewhat beneficial for governments to print money, because . However, this also wrecks everyone trying to save money. A 2% inflation rate might seem like nothing, but it essentially means that in 20 years, . lowering the value of the currency also lowers their debt half your savings will be lost This is where Bitcoin comes in You might have heard of Bitcoin. It’s a new form of digital currency. Bitcoin has many features that make it extremely interesting for the people in countries like Zimbabwe. First, it’s outside the reach and control of any governments. Because it’s global, it’s also unaffected by local markets and policies. But more importantly: you can’t print Bitcoin. By code, there will only ever be . 21 million Bitcoin ever created Why 21 million? No particular reasons. It is an arbitrary number chosen by . The goal is to emulate features found in natural currencies such as gold. Just like there is a limited quantity of gold on Earth; there’s a limited quantity of Bitcoins on the Blockchain. Bitcoin’s mysterious creator This limited supply makes Bitcoin a , meaning compared to fiat money, it gains value over time. For people in countries like Zimbabwe, this is a blessing, because what happened to the Zimbabwean dollar could never happen in the Bitcoin ecosystem. deflationary currency Some people will say that Bitcoin isn’t a great store of value because it’s price is too volatile. Others will say that an economy running entirely on a deflationary currency like Bitcoin wouldn’t be sustainable, because no one would spend their money. These people are right, but they are missing the entire point. Because despite all of this, Bitcoin still brings something extremely valuable to the table: competition. Voice & Exit As tells us, when it comes to changing things, there are two fundamental forms of power that comes to people: voice and exit. Albert O. Hirschman When governments become reckless, you can gather around, create banners, and march the streets to voice your complaints. However, as you know, this is usually suppressed and rarely lead to changes. So when voice doesn’t work, you get to the second most important form of power. . Exit Leaders might not care enough to listen when people voice their complaints. But when people start leaving in drove, then they care. Because you can’t be in power when everyone has left. Exit scares the shit out of those in power. A Financial Exit Door Thanks to Bitcoin, for the first time in history, governments don’t have the monopoly on money anymore. Today, people who have lost faith in their governments can choose to move their fund out of their national economy, and into the digital economy. Governments can try to build walls and borders all they want to prevent this, but Bitcoin is borderless by design. All you need is a smartphone and an Internet connection, and you’ve got yourself an entire bank on your phone, with instant access to the global economy. In the end, Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies are healthy check against the tyranny of corrupt and fiscally irresponsible governments. Because nobody wants to be the leader of an economy everyone is trying to leave. Don’t know anything about crypto? Learn the fundamentals of blockchain technology here 👇 _Crypto Kitties is about so much more than cats._medium.com People are spending $millions on digital cats and here’s why it makes sense Want to invest in crypto but don’t know where to start? Read my beginner’s guide to buying Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies! 👇 _The complete guide to buying Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin and other cryptocurrencies._medium.com How to Buy Bitcoin and Other CryptoCurrencies _Read writing about Cryptocurrency in Hacker Noon. how hackers start their afternoons._hackernoon.com Cryptocurrency - Hacker Noon Please hit 👏 if you enjoyed or learned from this. This is an excerpt of a talk I just gave at WAQ18.👉 👈 Watch the video with English CC

Today I Became a Trillionaire

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My to-do list today

Do we really need to break text into tokens, or could we work directly with raw bytes? First, let’s think about how do LLMs currently handle text. They first chop it up into chunks called tokens using rules about common word pieces. This tokenization step has always been a bit of an odd one out. While the rest of the model learns and adapts during training, tokenization stays fixed, based on those initial rules. This can cause problems, especially for languages that aren’t well-represented in the training data or when handling unusual text formats. Meta’s new BLT architecture (paper, code) takes a different approach. Instead of pre-defining tokens, it looks at the raw bytes of text and dynamically groups them based on how predictable they are. When the next byte is very predictable (like finishing a common word), it groups more bytes together. When the next byte is unpredictable (like starting a new sentence), it processes bytes in smaller groups. This dynamic approach leads to three key benefits: First, it can match the performance of state-of-the-art tokenizer-based models like Llama 3 while offering the option to trade minor performance losses for up to 50% reduction in inference flops. The model saves resources by processing predictable sections more efficiently. Second, it handles edge cases much better. Consider tasks that require character-level understanding, like correcting misspellings or working with noisy text. BLT significantly outperforms token-based models on these tasks because it can directly access and manipulate individual characters. Third, it introduces a new way to scale language models. With traditional tokenizer-based models, you’re somewhat constrained in how you can grow them. But BLT lets you simultaneously increase both the model size and the average size of byte groups while keeping the same compute budget. This opens up new possibilities for building more efficient models. To understand how BLT works in practice, let’s look at its three main components: A lightweight local encoder that processes raw bytes and groups them based on predictability.
A large transformer that processes these groups (called “patches”).
A lightweight local decoder that converts patch representations back into bytes. The entropy-based grouping is particularly clever. BLT uses a small language model to predict how surprising each next byte will be. When it encounters a highly unpredictable byte (like the start of a new word), it creates a boundary and begins a new patch. This way, it dedicates more computational resources to the challenging parts of the text while efficiently handling the easier parts. I like the results. On standard benchmarks, BLT matches or exceeds Llama 3’s performance. But where it really shines is on tasks requiring character-level understanding. For instance, on the CUTE benchmark testing character manipulation, BLT outperforms token-based models by more than 25 points — and this is despite being trained on 16x less data than the latest Llama model. This points to a future where language models might no longer need the crutch of fixed tokenization. By working directly with bytes in a dynamic way, we could build models that are both more efficient and more capable of handling the full complexity of human language. What do you think about this approach? Does removing the tokenization step seem like the right direction for language models to evolve? Let me know in the comments or on the AImodels.fyi community Discord. I’d love to hear what you have to say. Do we really need to break text into tokens, or could we work directly with raw bytes? First, let’s think about how do LLMs currently handle text. They first chop it up into chunks called tokens using rules about common word pieces. This tokenization step has always been a bit of an odd one out. While the rest of the model learns and adapts during training, tokenization stays fixed, based on those initial rules. This can cause problems, especially for languages that aren’t well-represented in the training data or when handling unusual text formats. Meta’s new BLT architecture ( paper , code ) takes a different approach. Instead of pre-defining tokens, it looks at the raw bytes of text and dynamically groups them based on how predictable they are. When the next byte is very predictable (like finishing a common word), it groups more bytes together. When the next byte is unpredictable (like starting a new sentence), it processes bytes in smaller groups. paper code This dynamic approach leads to three key benefits: First, it can match the performance of state-of-the-art tokenizer-based models like Llama 3 while offering the option to trade minor performance losses for up to 50% reduction in inference flops. The model saves resources by processing predictable sections more efficiently. Second, it handles edge cases much better. Consider tasks that require character-level understanding, like correcting misspellings or working with noisy text. BLT significantly outperforms token-based models on these tasks because it can directly access and manipulate individual characters. Third, it introduces a new way to scale language models. With traditional tokenizer-based models, you’re somewhat constrained in how you can grow them. But BLT lets you simultaneously increase both the model size and the average size of byte groups while keeping the same compute budget. This opens up new possibilities for building more efficient models. To understand how BLT works in practice, let’s look at its three main components: A lightweight local encoder that processes raw bytes and groups them based on predictability. A large transformer that processes these groups (called “patches”). A lightweight local decoder that converts patch representations back into bytes. A lightweight local encoder that processes raw bytes and groups them based on predictability. encoder A large transformer that processes these groups (called “patches”). A lightweight local decoder that converts patch representations back into bytes. The entropy-based grouping is particularly clever. BLT uses a small language model to predict how surprising each next byte will be. When it encounters a highly unpredictable byte (like the start of a new word), it creates a boundary and begins a new patch. This way, it dedicates more computational resources to the challenging parts of the text while efficiently handling the easier parts. entropy-based I like the results. On standard benchmarks, BLT matches or exceeds Llama 3’s performance. But where it really shines is on tasks requiring character-level understanding. For instance, on the CUTE benchmark testing character manipulation, BLT outperforms token-based models by more than 25 points — and this is despite being trained on 16x less data than the latest Llama model. This points to a future where language models might no longer need the crutch of fixed tokenization. By working directly with bytes in a dynamic way, we could build models that are both more efficient and more capable of handling the full complexity of human language. What do you think about this approach? Does removing the tokenization step seem like the right direction for language models to evolve? Let me know in the comments or on the AImodels.fyi community Discord . I’d love to hear what you have to say. AImodels.fyi Discord

Say Goodbye to Tokens, and Say Hello to Patches

Password-based authentication has been the default mode for many years. But who wants to remember the passwords for every website they register on? Most people use the same password in many places, something easy to remember. Password managers make it easier to autofill credentials, but they cannot overcome the security concerns present in the password-based authentication system by design. Enter Passkeys—passwordless authentication that is safer and easier to use. Like everything under the sun, passkeys have their pros and cons which we’ll discuss in this article. We’ll also explore how this authentication method works, how secure it is, and more. How do Passkeys Work? Passkeys utilize public key cryptography to generate an authentication flow instead of relying on a single string-based password. The user’s device generates a Public/Private key pair and sends the public key to the server which stores it and later uses the key to authenticate the user, while the private key is stored on the user’s device. Registration flow User’s device generates a Public/Private key pair bound to the web service.
Public key is sent to the Web service and the Private key is stored on the user's device.
Web service stores the Public key against the user in their database. Authentication flow Web service sends a challenge nonce to the Client.
Users authenticate themselves locally using any method such as Biometrics, PIN, etc to access the private key.
User device signs the challenge using the private key for that particular Web service.
Web service receives the signed challenge and verifies it using the Public key. This ensures that the client device indeed has access to the private key.
After successful verification, the Web service authenticates the user. Points to note Public/Private key pair is unique to every service/website.
Public key is transmitted to the web service over the network only once during the registration.
Private key stays on the user's device all the time and is never transmitted over the network. (Exception is when you sync the passkeys using a password manager)
Signed payload generated by the user device is transmitted over the network, is session-specific, and changes every time the user authenticates. Passkey Security: Are They Really Better Than Passwords? Increased security usually means decreased ease of use but this is not true in the case of passkeys. They are easier to use once the registration phase is complete. There is no burden to remember the passwords, the authentication is quick, easy, and secure. Passkeys minimize the attack surface and eliminate several common password-related threats. Traditional passwords are typically stored in an encrypted format within a database. When you log in to a web service, your plaintext password is encrypted and compared to the stored version for authentication. However, this process exposes two major vulnerabilities: Database breaches
Phishing attacks Database breaches are common, sadly. When a service’s data is stolen, it is often sold on the dark web. Malicious actors who have access to the data can try to break encryption offline, and with the computing power available today it could take from weeks to months depending on the encryption. Passkeys eliminate this threat as there are no passwords to store. In case of a leak, only the Public key is exposed which is of not much use to the malicious actors. In Phishing attacks, a clone of the target website is created and the user is tricked into entering their credentials mistaking it for a genuine site. This however also fails to work with Passkeys as there are no credentials to steal. Sophisticated Phishing attacks combined with Man in the Middle may still be operable but the attack surface is largely reduced. Types of Passkeys Single device or Device Bound Private key never leaves the device.
Authentication can be done only on a specific device on which the private keys exist.
Since the key exists only on a single device, the recovery path needs to be triggered in case access to the device is lost. Multi-Device or SyncedPrivate key is synced across user devices. Common options include using Google password manager, iCloud keychain etc.
Keys are end-to-end encrypted which means the provider can not see or use your keys even though they store them.
This enhances usability as users need to register only one device and can reuse the same keys across their devices. Are Passkeys Portable? As we already learned in the last section, Passkeys can be synced across devices so we know they are portable. You can use the passkeys on all of your devices as long as you are signed in with the provider (Google, iCloud). This begs the question of how to use passkeys on a device that does not belong to you—perhaps a Friend’s computer or one in the Library. Essentially any device that you just want to use a single time. Passkeys address this scenario as well. If both systems support passkeys, they can communicate via Bluetooth to share access. Here's a step-by-step breakdown of how it works: You open a website xyz.com on a Desktop where you don’t have a passkey.
You can use the option to sign in with passkeys on a different device.
Desktop will show you options for nearby available devices, or a QR code.
You can select the device or scan the QR.
After that, you can use your mobile device to authenticate yourself and allow the desktop to use the passkey from your mobile.
Once authenticated, you also get an option to create a passkey on the desktop without going through the registration process. If opted, you will not need the mobile device next time onwards and a new set of passkeys will be created for the desktop.
If you opt to use one time only, no new passkeys will be created. Passkey Adoption Passkeys are based on FIDO2 standards which combine the Client to Authenticator Protocol (CTAP) with the Web Authentication API (WebAuthn) and is a joint project between the FIDO alliance and W3C. These standardization efforts aim to increase adoption and proper implementation. Native support for passkeys is added by companies like Google, Apple Microsoft at the OS and Browser level which goes a long way in encouraging the adoption of Passkeys. Due to the long reliance on Passwords in the industry, it is not just a technical challenge to adopt passkeys but a psychological one as well. End users may initially feel uneasy about passkeys simply because they are accustomed to the familiarity of password-based systems. Even though passkeys are safer and easier to use than passwords, comfort with the known options wins over in most cases. User education is needed for passkeys to be adopted at a large scale, questions around recovery and ease of use will be there initially. On the other hand, companies may be reluctant to offer passkey authentication if they don’t see sufficient user adoption. In the public sector, governments can encourage adoption through policy changes. Conclusion Passkeys have the potential to revolutionize authentication. They are more secure, easier to use, and eliminate many threats associated with passwords. However, they come with their own challenges, such as account recovery and credential portability. A hybrid approach—combining passkeys with passwords—might be the next logical step. As real-world adoption grows, further debates and insights will help determine the best path forward toward a truly passwordless future. ** Password-based authentication has been the default mode for many years. But who wants to remember the passwords for every website they register on? Most people use the same password in many places, something easy to remember. Password managers make it easier to autofill credentials, but they cannot overcome the security concerns present in the password-based authentication system by design. Enter Passkeys—passwordless authentication that is safer and easier to use. Like everything under the sun, passkeys have their pros and cons which we’ll discuss in this article. We’ll also explore how this authentication method works, how secure it is, and more. How do Passkeys Work? Passkeys utilize public key cryptography to generate an authentication flow instead of relying on a single string-based password. The user’s device generates a Public/Private key pair and sends the public key to the server which stores it and later uses the key to authenticate the user, while the private key is stored on the user’s device. cryptography Registration flow Registration flow User’s device generates a Public/Private key pair bound to the web service. Public key is sent to the Web service and the Private key is stored on the user's device. Web service stores the Public key against the user in their database. User’s device generates a Public/Private key pair bound to the web service. Public key is sent to the Web service and the Private key is stored on the user's device. Web service stores the Public key against the user in their database. Authentication flow Authentication flow Web service sends a challenge nonce to the Client. Users authenticate themselves locally using any method such as Biometrics, PIN, etc to access the private key. User device signs the challenge using the private key for that particular Web service. Web service receives the signed challenge and verifies it using the Public key. This ensures that the client device indeed has access to the private key. After successful verification, the Web service authenticates the user. Web service sends a challenge nonce to the Client. Users authenticate themselves locally using any method such as Biometrics, PIN, etc to access the private key. User device signs the challenge using the private key for that particular Web service. Web service receives the signed challenge and verifies it using the Public key. This ensures that the client device indeed has access to the private key. After successful verification, the Web service authenticates the user. Points to note Points to note Public/Private key pair is unique to every service/website. Public key is transmitted to the web service over the network only once during the registration. Private key stays on the user's device all the time and is never transmitted over the network. (Exception is when you sync the passkeys using a password manager) Signed payload generated by the user device is transmitted over the network, is session-specific, and changes every time the user authenticates. Public/Private key pair is unique to every service/website. Public key is transmitted to the web service over the network only once during the registration. Private key stays on the user's device all the time and is never transmitted over the network. (Exception is when you sync the passkeys using a password manager) Signed payload generated by the user device is transmitted over the network, is session-specific, and changes every time the user authenticates. Passkey Security: Are They Really Better Than Passwords? Really Increased security usually means decreased ease of use but this is not true in the case of passkeys. They are easier to use once the registration phase is complete. There is no burden to remember the passwords, the authentication is quick, easy, and secure. Passkeys minimize the attack surface and eliminate several common password-related threats. Traditional passwords are typically stored in an encrypted format within a database. When you log in to a web service, your plaintext password is encrypted and compared to the stored version for authentication. However, this process exposes two major vulnerabilities: Database breaches Phishing attacks Database breaches Phishing attacks Database breaches are common, sadly. When a service’s data is stolen, it is often sold on the dark web. Malicious actors who have access to the data can try to break encryption offline, and with the computing power available today it could take from weeks to months depending on the encryption. Passkeys eliminate this threat as there are no passwords to store. In case of a leak, only the Public key is exposed which is of not much use to the malicious actors. Database breaches In Phishing attacks , a clone of the target website is created and the user is tricked into entering their credentials mistaking it for a genuine site. This however also fails to work with Passkeys as there are no credentials to steal. Sophisticated Phishing attacks combined with Man in the Middle may still be operable but the attack surface is largely reduced. Phishing attacks Phishing Types of Passkeys Single device or Device Bound Single device or Device Bound Private key never leaves the device. Authentication can be done only on a specific device on which the private keys exist. Since the key exists only on a single device, the recovery path needs to be triggered in case access to the device is lost. Private key never leaves the device. Authentication can be done only on a specific device on which the private keys exist. Since the key exists only on a single device, the recovery path needs to be triggered in case access to the device is lost. Multi-Device or Synced Private key is synced across user devices. Multi-Device or Synced Common options include using Google password manager, iCloud keychain etc. Keys are end-to-end encrypted which means the provider can not see or use your keys even though they store them. This enhances usability as users need to register only one device and can reuse the same keys across their devices. Common options include using Google password manager, iCloud keychain etc. Keys are end-to-end encrypted which means the provider can not see or use your keys even though they store them. This enhances usability as users need to register only one device and can reuse the same keys across their devices. Are Passkeys Portable? As we already learned in the last section, Passkeys can be synced across devices so we know they are portable. You can use the passkeys on all of your devices as long as you are signed in with the provider (Google, iCloud). This begs the question of how to use passkeys on a device that does not belong to you—perhaps a Friend’s computer or one in the Library. Essentially any device that you just want to use a single time. Passkeys address this scenario as well. If both systems support passkeys, they can communicate via Bluetooth to share access. Here's a step-by-step breakdown of how it works: Here's a step-by-step breakdown of how it works: You open a website xyz.com on a Desktop where you don’t have a passkey. You can use the option to sign in with passkeys on a different device. Desktop will show you options for nearby available devices, or a QR code. You can select the device or scan the QR. After that, you can use your mobile device to authenticate yourself and allow the desktop to use the passkey from your mobile. Once authenticated, you also get an option to create a passkey on the desktop without going through the registration process. If opted, you will not need the mobile device next time onwards and a new set of passkeys will be created for the desktop. If you opt to use one time only, no new passkeys will be created. You open a website xyz.com on a Desktop where you don’t have a passkey. You can use the option to sign in with passkeys on a different device. Desktop will show you options for nearby available devices, or a QR code. You can select the device or scan the QR. After that, you can use your mobile device to authenticate yourself and allow the desktop to use the passkey from your mobile. Once authenticated, you also get an option to create a passkey on the desktop without going through the registration process. If opted, you will not need the mobile device next time onwards and a new set of passkeys will be created for the desktop. If you opt to use one time only, no new passkeys will be created. Passkey Adoption Passkeys are based on FIDO2 standards which combine the Client to Authenticator Protocol (CTAP) with the Web Authentication API (WebAuthn) and is a joint project between the FIDO alliance and W3C. These standardization efforts aim to increase adoption and proper implementation. Native support for passkeys is added by companies like Google, Apple Microsoft at the OS and Browser level which goes a long way in encouraging the adoption of Passkeys. Due to the long reliance on Passwords in the industry, it is not just a technical challenge to adopt passkeys but a psychological one as well. End users may initially feel uneasy about passkeys simply because they are accustomed to the familiarity of password-based systems. Even though passkeys are safer and easier to use than passwords, comfort with the known options wins over in most cases. User education is needed for passkeys to be adopted at a large scale, questions around recovery and ease of use will be there initially. On the other hand, companies may be reluctant to offer passkey authentication if they don’t see sufficient user adoption. In the public sector, governments can encourage adoption through policy changes. Conclusion Passkeys have the potential to revolutionize authentication. They are more secure, easier to use, and eliminate many threats associated with passwords. However, they come with their own challenges, such as account recovery and credential portability. A hybrid approach—combining passkeys with passwords—might be the next logical step. As real-world adoption grows, further debates and insights will help determine the best path forward toward a truly passwordless future. **

Goodbye Passwords, Hello Passkeys: The Future of Authentication

গুডবাই পাসওয়ার্ড, হ্যালো পাসকি: প্রমাণীকরণের ভবিষ্যত

Tschüss Passwörter, hallo Passkeys: Die Zukunft der Authentifizierung

Adiós a las contraseñas, hola a las claves de acceso: el futuro de la autenticación

Adieu les mots de passe, bonjour les clés d'accès : l'avenir de l'authentification

अलविदा पासवर्ड, नमस्ते पासकीज़: प्रमाणीकरण का भविष्य

パスワードにさよなら、パスキーにこんにちは: 認証の未来

안녕 비밀번호, 안녕 패스키: 인증의 미래

Adeus senhas, olá chaves de acesso: o futuro da autenticação

Прощайте, пароли, привет, ключи доступа: будущее аутентификации

Elveda Parolalar, Merhaba Parolalar: Kimlik Doğrulamanın Geleceği

Tạm biệt mật khẩu, chào mừng Passkey: Tương lai của xác thực

告别密码，迎接密钥：身份验证的未来

The Noonification: Buh-Bye Webpack and Node.js, Hello Rails and Import Maps (8/7/2024)

I enjoy spending time learning new technologies. However, often the biggest drawback of working with new technologies are the inevitable pain points that come with early adoption. I saw this quite a bit when I was getting up to speed with Web3 in “How to Transition from Full-Stack Developer to Web3 Pioneer in 2022.” As software engineers, we’re accustomed to accepting these early-adopter challenges when giving new tech a test drive. What works best for me is to keep a running list of notes and commands I’ve executed since seemingly illogical steps don’t remain in my memory. Aside from Web3, I also found this challenge in the JavaScript space, with the semi-standard requirements of using Node.js and Webpack. I wanted to identify a solution where I could just use JavaScript as is without toiling away with Node.js and Webpack. I recently read how the Rails 7 release addressed this very situation. So, that’s the use case I’ll be covering in this article. About Rails To be fully transparent, my experience with Ruby and Ruby on Rails is little to none. I remember watching someone issue some commands to create a fully functional service years ago, and I thought, “Wow, that looks awesome.” But I’ve never spent time playing around with this approach to building services and applications. I’m pretty sure I saw that demo in early 2006 because Rails first emerged in late 2005. Like I saw in the demonstration, the end result was a service that supported the model-view-controller (MVC) design pattern, a pattern that I was familiar with through my early use of the Spring, Struts, JSF, and Seam frameworks. Rails maintains a promise to keep things straightforward while adhering to DRY (don’t repeat yourself) practices. To help honor this promise, Ruby uses Gems for engineers to introduce shared dependencies into their projects. Version 7 Highlights In late 2021, the seventh major version of Rails introduced some exciting features: Asynchronous querying – getting away from running queries serially
Encrypted database layer – securing data between the service and persistence layers
Comparison validator – allows object validation before persistence
Import maps – no longer require Node.js and Webpack for JavaScript libraries That last feature is what drove me to write this article. How Do Import Maps Work? At a high level, the importmaps-rails Gem allows developers to import maps into their applications. The use of /bin/importmap allows engineers to update, pin, or unpin dependencies as needed. This is similar to how Maven and Gradle work in Java-based projects. This eliminates needing to deal with the complexities related to bundling packages and transpiling ES6 and Babel. Goodbye Webpack! Goodbye Node.js! Let’s Build Something Since I hadn’t even touched Ruby on Rails in almost two decades, the first thing I needed to do was follow this guide to install Ruby 3.3 on my MacBook Pro. Once installed, I just needed to install the Ruby plugin as part of my IntelliJ IDEA IDE. Then, I created a new Ruby on Rails project in IntelliJ called import-map and specified the use of Importmap for the JavaScript framework: With the project created, I first wanted to see how easy it would be to use a local JavaScript library. So, I created a new JavaScript file called /public/jvc_utilities.js with the following contents: export default function() {
    console.log('*****************');
    console.log('* jvc-utilities *');
    console.log('* version 0.0.1 *');
    console.log('*****************');
} The default function simply echoes some commands to the JavaScript console. Next, I created an HTML file (/public/jvc-utilities.html) with the following contents: <!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <title>jvc-utilities</title>
    </head>

    <script type="importmap">
        { "imports": { "jvc_utilities": "./jvc_utilities.js"} }
    </script>
    <script type="module">
        import JvcUtilities from "jvc_utilities";

        JvcUtilities();
    </script>

    <h3>jvc-utilities.html</h3>

    <p>Open the console to see the output of the 
       <code>JvcUtilities()</code> function.
    </p>
</html> This example demonstrates how a local JavaScript file can be used with a public HTML file— without any additional work. Next, I created a new controller called Example: bin/rails generate controller Example index I wanted to use the Lodash library for this example, so I used the following command to add the library to my import-map project: bin/importmap pin lodash To add some JavaScript-based functionality to the controller, I updated javascript/controllers/example_controller.js to look like this: import { Controller } from "@hotwired/stimulus"
import _ from "lodash"

export default class extends Controller {
  connect() {
    const array = [1, 2, 3]
    const doubled = _.map(array, n => n * 2)
    console.log('array', array)  // Output: [1, 2, 3]
    console.log('doubled', doubled)  // Output: [2, 4, 6]
    this.element.textContent = `array=${array} doubled=${doubled.join(', ')}`
  }
} This logic establishes an array of three values, and then it doubles the values. I use the Lodash map() method to do this. Finally, I updated views/example/index.html.erb to contain the following: <h3>Example Controller</h3>

<div data-controller="example"></div> At this point, the following URIs are now available: /jvc-utilities.html
/example/index Let’s Deploy and Validate Rather than run the Rails service locally, I thought I would use Heroku instead. This way, I could make sure my service could be accessible for other consumers. Using my Heroku account, I followed the “Getting Started on Heroku with Ruby” guide. Based upon my project, my first step was to add a file named Procfile with the following contents: web: bundle exec puma -C config/puma.rb Next, I used the Heroku CLI to create a new application in Heroku: heroku login
heroku create With the create command, I had the following application up and running: Creating app... done, ⬢ lit-basin-84681
https://lit-basin-84681-3f5a7507b174.herokuapp.com/ | https://git.heroku.com/lit-basin-84681.git This step also created the Git remote that the Heroku ecosystem uses. Now, all I needed do was push my latest updates to Heroku and deploy the application: git push heroku main With that, my code was pushed to Heroku, which then compiled and deployed my application. In less than a minute, I saw the following, letting me know that my application was ready for use: remote: Verifying deploy... done.
To https://git.heroku.com/lit-basin-84681.git
   fe0b7ad..1a21bdd  main -> main Then, I navigated to the /example/index page using my Heroku URL (which is unique to my application, but I have since taken it down): https://lit-basin-84681-3f5a7507b174.herokuapp.com/example/index This is what I saw: And when I viewed the JavaScript console in my browser, the following logs appeared: Navigating to /jvc-utilities.html, I saw the following information: When I viewed the JavaScript console in my browser, I saw the the following logs: Success. I was able to use a self-contained JavaScript library and also the public Lodash JavaScript library in my Rails 7 application—all by using Import Maps and without needing to deal with Webpack or Node.js. Buh-bye, Webpack and Node.js! Conclusion My readers may recall my personal mission statement, which I feel can apply to any IT professional: “Focus your time on delivering features/functionality that extends the value of your intellectual property. Leverage frameworks, products, and services for everything else.” — J. Vester In this article, I dove head-first into Rails 7 and used Import Maps to show how easily you can use JavaScript libraries without the extra effort of needing to use Webpack and Node.js. I was quite impressed by the small amount of time that was required to accomplish my goals despite it being over two decades since I had last seen Rails in action. From a deployment perspective, the effort to deploy the Rails application onto the Heroku platform consisted of the creation of a Procfile and three CLI commands. In both cases, Rails and Heroku adhere to my mission statement by allowing me to remain laser-focused on delivering value to my customers and not get bogged down by challenges with Webpack, Node.js, or even DevOps tasks. While I am certain we will continue to face not-so-ideal pain points when exploring new technologies, I am also confident that in time, we will see similar accomplishments as I demonstrated in this article. As always, my source code can be found on GitLab here. Have a really great day! I enjoy spending time learning new technologies. However, often the biggest drawback of working with new technologies are the inevitable pain points that come with early adoption. I saw this quite a bit when I was getting up to speed with Web3 in “ How to Transition from Full-Stack Developer to Web3 Pioneer in 2022 .” How to Transition from Full-Stack Developer to Web3 Pioneer in 2022 As software engineers, we’re accustomed to accepting these early-adopter challenges when giving new tech a test drive. What works best for me is to keep a running list of notes and commands I’ve executed since seemingly illogical steps don’t remain in my memory. Aside from Web3, I also found this challenge in the JavaScript space, with the semi-standard requirements of using Node.js and Webpack. I wanted to identify a solution where I could just use JavaScript as is without toiling away with Node.js and Webpack. I recently read how the Rails 7 release addressed this very situation . So, that’s the use case I’ll be covering in this article. this very situation About Rails To be fully transparent, my experience with Ruby and Ruby on Rails is little to none. I remember watching someone issue some commands to create a fully functional service years ago, and I thought, “Wow, that looks awesome.” But I’ve never spent time playing around with this approach to building services and applications. I’m pretty sure I saw that demo in early 2006 because Rails first emerged in late 2005. Like I saw in the demonstration, the end result was a service that supported the model-view-controller (MVC) design pattern, a pattern that I was familiar with through my early use of the Spring, Struts, JSF, and Seam frameworks. Rails maintains a promise to keep things straightforward while adhering to DRY (don’t repeat yourself) practices. To help honor this promise, Ruby uses Gems for engineers to introduce shared dependencies into their projects. Version 7 Highlights In late 2021, the seventh major version of Rails introduced some exciting features: Asynchronous querying – getting away from running queries serially Encrypted database layer – securing data between the service and persistence layers Comparison validator – allows object validation before persistence Import maps – no longer require Node.js and Webpack for JavaScript libraries Asynchronous querying – getting away from running queries serially Encrypted database layer – securing data between the service and persistence layers Comparison validator – allows object validation before persistence Import maps – no longer require Node.js and Webpack for JavaScript libraries That last feature is what drove me to write this article. How Do Import Maps Work? At a high level, the importmaps-rails Gem allows developers to import maps into their applications. The use of /bin/importmap allows engineers to update, pin, or unpin dependencies as needed. This is similar to how Maven and Gradle work in Java-based projects. importmaps-rails /bin/importmap This eliminates needing to deal with the complexities related to bundling packages and transpiling ES6 and Babel. Goodbye Webpack! Goodbye Node.js! Let’s Build Something Since I hadn’t even touched Ruby on Rails in almost two decades, the first thing I needed to do was follow this guide to install Ruby 3.3 on my MacBook Pro. Once installed, I just needed to install the Ruby plugin as part of my IntelliJ IDEA IDE. this guide install the Ruby plugin Then, I created a new Ruby on Rails project in IntelliJ called import-map and specified the use of Importmap for the JavaScript framework: import-map Importmap With the project created, I first wanted to see how easy it would be to use a local JavaScript library. So, I created a new JavaScript file called /public/jvc_utilities.js with the following contents: /public/jvc_utilities.js export default function() {
    console.log('*****************');
    console.log('* jvc-utilities *');
    console.log('* version 0.0.1 *');
    console.log('*****************');
} export default function() {
    console.log('*****************');
    console.log('* jvc-utilities *');
    console.log('* version 0.0.1 *');
    console.log('*****************');
} The default function simply echoes some commands to the JavaScript console. Next, I created an HTML file ( /public/jvc-utilities.html ) with the following contents: /public/jvc-utilities.html <!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <title>jvc-utilities</title>
    </head>

    <script type="importmap">
        { "imports": { "jvc_utilities": "./jvc_utilities.js"} }
    </script>
    <script type="module">
        import JvcUtilities from "jvc_utilities";

        JvcUtilities();
    </script>

    <h3>jvc-utilities.html</h3>

    <p>Open the console to see the output of the 
       <code>JvcUtilities()</code> function.
    </p>
</html> <!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <title>jvc-utilities</title>
    </head>

    <script type="importmap">
        { "imports": { "jvc_utilities": "./jvc_utilities.js"} }
    </script>
    <script type="module">
        import JvcUtilities from "jvc_utilities";

        JvcUtilities();
    </script>

    <h3>jvc-utilities.html</h3>

    <p>Open the console to see the output of the 
       <code>JvcUtilities()</code> function.
    </p>
</html> This example demonstrates how a local JavaScript file can be used with a public HTML file— without any additional work. Next, I created a new controller called Example : Example bin/rails generate controller Example index bin/rails generate controller Example index I wanted to use the Lodash library for this example, so I used the following command to add the library to my import-map project: Lodash library import-map bin/importmap pin lodash bin/importmap pin lodash To add some JavaScript-based functionality to the controller, I updated javascript/controllers/example_controller.js to look like this: javascript/controllers/example_controller.js import { Controller } from "@hotwired/stimulus"
import _ from "lodash"

export default class extends Controller {
  connect() {
    const array = [1, 2, 3]
    const doubled = _.map(array, n => n * 2)
    console.log('array', array)  // Output: [1, 2, 3]
    console.log('doubled', doubled)  // Output: [2, 4, 6]
    this.element.textContent = `array=${array} doubled=${doubled.join(', ')}`
  }
} import { Controller } from "@hotwired/stimulus"
import _ from "lodash"

export default class extends Controller {
  connect() {
    const array = [1, 2, 3]
    const doubled = _.map(array, n => n * 2)
    console.log('array', array)  // Output: [1, 2, 3]
    console.log('doubled', doubled)  // Output: [2, 4, 6]
    this.element.textContent = `array=${array} doubled=${doubled.join(', ')}`
  }
} This logic establishes an array of three values, and then it doubles the values. I use the Lodash map() method to do this. map() Finally, I updated views/example/index.html.erb to contain the following: views/example/index.html.erb <h3>Example Controller</h3>

<div data-controller="example"></div> <h3>Example Controller</h3>

<div data-controller="example"></div> At this point, the following URIs are now available: /jvc-utilities.html /example/index /jvc-utilities.html /jvc-utilities.html /example/index /example/index Let’s Deploy and Validate Rather than run the Rails service locally, I thought I would use Heroku instead. This way, I could make sure my service could be accessible for other consumers. Using my Heroku account, I followed the “ Getting Started on Heroku with Ruby ” guide. Based upon my project, my first step was to add a file named Procfile with the following contents: Getting Started on Heroku with Ruby Procfile web: bundle exec puma -C config/puma.rb web: bundle exec puma -C config/puma.rb Next, I used the Heroku CLI to create a new application in Heroku: heroku login
heroku create heroku login
heroku create With the create command, I had the following application up and running: create Creating app... done, ⬢ lit-basin-84681
https://lit-basin-84681-3f5a7507b174.herokuapp.com/ | https://git.heroku.com/lit-basin-84681.git Creating app... done, ⬢ lit-basin-84681
https://lit-basin-84681-3f5a7507b174.herokuapp.com/ | https://git.heroku.com/lit-basin-84681.git This step also created the Git remote that the Heroku ecosystem uses. Now, all I needed do was push my latest updates to Heroku and deploy the application: git push heroku main git push heroku main With that, my code was pushed to Heroku, which then compiled and deployed my application. In less than a minute, I saw the following, letting me know that my application was ready for use: remote: Verifying deploy... done.
To https://git.heroku.com/lit-basin-84681.git
   fe0b7ad..1a21bdd  main -> main remote: Verifying deploy... done.
To https://git.heroku.com/lit-basin-84681.git
   fe0b7ad..1a21bdd  main -> main Then, I navigated to the /example/index page using my Heroku URL (which is unique to my application, but I have since taken it down): https://lit-basin-84681-3f5a7507b174.herokuapp.com/example/index /example/index https://lit-basin-84681-3f5a7507b174.herokuapp.com/example/index This is what I saw: And when I viewed the JavaScript console in my browser, the following logs appeared: Navigating to /jvc-utilities.html , I saw the following information: /jvc-utilities.html When I viewed the JavaScript console in my browser, I saw the the following logs: Success. I was able to use a self-contained JavaScript library and also the public Lodash JavaScript library in my Rails 7 application—all by using Import Maps and without needing to deal with Webpack or Node.js. Buh-bye, Webpack and Node.js! Conclusion My readers may recall my personal mission statement, which I feel can apply to any IT professional: “Focus your time on delivering features/functionality that extends the value of your intellectual property. Leverage frameworks, products, and services for everything else.” — J. Vester “Focus your time on delivering features/functionality that extends the value of your intellectual property. Leverage frameworks, products, and services for everything else.” — J. Vester In this article, I dove head-first into Rails 7 and used Import Maps to show how easily you can use JavaScript libraries without the extra effort of needing to use Webpack and Node.js. I was quite impressed by the small amount of time that was required to accomplish my goals despite it being over two decades since I had last seen Rails in action. From a deployment perspective, the effort to deploy the Rails application onto the Heroku platform consisted of the creation of a Procfile and three CLI commands. Procfile In both cases, Rails and Heroku adhere to my mission statement by allowing me to remain laser-focused on delivering value to my customers and not get bogged down by challenges with Webpack, Node.js, or even DevOps tasks. While I am certain we will continue to face not-so-ideal pain points when exploring new technologies, I am also confident that in time, we will see similar accomplishments as I demonstrated in this article. As always, my source code can be found on GitLab here . here Have a really great day!

Buh-Bye Webpack and Node.js, Hello Rails and Import Maps

Buh-Bye Webpack এবং Node.js, Hello Rails এবং Import Maps

Tschüß Webpack und Node.js, hallo Rails und Import Maps

Buh-Bye Webpack y Node.js, Hello Rails e Importar mapas

Buh-Bye Webpack et Node.js, Hello Rails et Import Maps

अलविदा वेबपैक और नोड.जेएस, नमस्ते रेल्स और इम्पोर्ट मैप्स

さようなら Webpack と Node.js、こんにちは Rails と Import Maps

이제 안녕 Webpack 및 Node.js, Hello Rails 및 가져오기 맵

Buh-Bye Webpack e Node.js, Hello Rails e Import Maps

Прощайте, Webpack и Node.js, Hello Rails и импорт карт

Buh-Bye Webpack ve Node.js, Hello Rails ve İçe Aktarma Haritaları

Buh-Bye Webpack và Node.js, Hello Rails và Nhập bản đồ

告别 Webpack 和 Node.js，迎接 Rails 和 Import Maps

A brief history of my journey with vue-router Virtually every developer using Vue.js is currently using or has only ever used Vue-router. Many of those developers, myself included, are mostly happy with it. The biggest complaint I hear is the lack of strongly typed routes, which is usually solved with a bit of Typescript wrapping your routes. // router/routes.ts
import { RouteLocationRaw, RouteRecordRaw } from 'vue-router'

type RouteFunction = (...args: any[]) => RouteLocationRaw

export const routes = {
  home: () => ({ name: 'home' }) as const,
  club: (clubId: string) => ({ name: 'clubs.view', params: { clubId } }) as const,
  profile: (userId?: string) => ({ name: 'profile.view', query: { userId } }) as const,
} satisfies Record<string, RouteFunction> Then routes becomes your source of truth, so navigation should always use a route from routes to send proper names to vue-router. <router-link :to="routes.club('club-123')">go to club</router-link> The syntax of defining routes is a bit cumbersome but honestly works fairly well. However, because I’m a serial starter-of-new-projects and love a challenge, I teamed up with Pleek91 to see if we could build our own. Introducing Kitbag Router https://router.kitbag.dev We made the decision to start the project from scratch; solving problems from first principles rather than taking the path of so many others and trying to build on top of the relatively old vue-router project. This means Kitbag Router is NOT a drop-in replacement for projects using vue-router. Therefore, this freedom also means we can have a relentless pursuit of the best possible developer experience, not weighed down by the need to have feature parity with Vue-router. Let’s take a look at some of Kitbag’s features First and foremost, it’s type safe! Kitbag Router uses a createRoutes utility that returns routes with the name, path, and query, all preserved in the Route type. This means the routes you provide to createRouter will maintain type safety when accessing the current route or performing navigation. Type safety in routing means auto-complete when assigning to on <router-link>, the easy discovery of available routes when defining a beforeRouteEnter hook, and ensuring that Typescript will error if the expected params for a route change without updating the router.push() call. Params are way more powerful Not only does Kitbag Router know what params are expected for a given route, it can also support param types beyond String. Kitbag Router ships with built-in support for params of typeString, Number, Boolean, Date, RegExp, JSON, as well as any custom param type you define. Not only is this type useful when navigating, but it also means a route that expects a number for an “id” param won’t be considered a match if the value provided in the URL doesn’t satisfy the number constraint. Furthermore, your Vue component that gets rendered for the route doesn’t have to worry about whether the param will be present or not or having to convert it from string to the type we know it’s supposed to be. Support for the query Params aren’t relegated to only the path. Kitbag Router allows you to configure your expected params in the query the same way you’re used to defining params in other parts of the URL. Handling rejections Inevitably when defining your routes, you’ll want to add a “catch-all” or “not found” route. While Kitbag Router fully supports defining plain ol’ Regex in your path/query, it also ships with even better support for handling NotFound. We call this a “rejection”, which is customizable and can be extended to any custom rejection you need, like perhaps NotAuthorized. When a rejection is triggered, usually from within one of your hooks, the Kitbag Router will automatically render the rejection component you assigned for the given rejection type. And more… These are the key features we think really make Kitbag Router compelling but there is so much more. Kitbag router is built for Vue3 and supports async components, route hooks, editable params from useRoute, components for RouterLink and RouterView, and more. Is it ready? Kitbag Router is still super green and currently maintained by a team of 2. It has not yet had a stable release (on 0.2.0 as of the time I’m writing this), so things are still likely to change. That being said, I hope you’ll give it a try, maybe give it a star. We’re excited to hear from the community on what features we should focus on next. Happy engineering! A brief history of my journey with vue-router Virtually every developer using Vue.js is currently using or has only ever used Vue-router. Many of those developers, myself included, are mostly happy with it. The biggest complaint I hear is the lack of strongly typed routes, which is usually solved with a bit of Typescript wrapping your routes. Vue.js // router/routes.ts
import { RouteLocationRaw, RouteRecordRaw } from 'vue-router'

type RouteFunction = (...args: any[]) => RouteLocationRaw

export const routes = {
  home: () => ({ name: 'home' }) as const,
  club: (clubId: string) => ({ name: 'clubs.view', params: { clubId } }) as const,
  profile: (userId?: string) => ({ name: 'profile.view', query: { userId } }) as const,
} satisfies Record<string, RouteFunction> // router/routes.ts
import { RouteLocationRaw, RouteRecordRaw } from 'vue-router'

type RouteFunction = (...args: any[]) => RouteLocationRaw

export const routes = {
  home: () => ({ name: 'home' }) as const,
  club: (clubId: string) => ({ name: 'clubs.view', params: { clubId } }) as const,
  profile: (userId?: string) => ({ name: 'profile.view', query: { userId } }) as const,
} satisfies Record<string, RouteFunction> Then routes becomes your source of truth, so navigation should always use a route from routes to send proper names to vue-router. routes routes <router-link :to="routes.club('club-123')">go to club</router-link> <router-link :to="routes.club('club-123')">go to club</router-link> The syntax of defining routes is a bit cumbersome but honestly works fairly well. However, because I’m a serial starter-of-new-projects and love a challenge, I teamed up with Pleek91 to see if we could build our own. Pleek91 Introducing Kitbag Router https://router.kitbag.dev https://router.kitbag.dev We made the decision to start the project from scratch; solving problems from first principles rather than taking the path of so many others and trying to build on top of the relatively old vue-router project. This means Kitbag Router is NOT a drop-in replacement for projects using vue-router. Therefore, this freedom also means we can have a relentless pursuit of the best possible developer experience, not weighed down by the need to have feature parity with Vue-router. Let’s take a look at some of Kitbag’s features Let’s take a look at some of Kitbag’s features First and foremost, it’s type safe! Kitbag Router uses a createRoutes utility that returns routes with the name, path, and query, all preserved in the Route type. This means the routes you provide to createRouter will maintain type safety when accessing the current route or performing navigation. Type safety in routing means auto-complete when assigning to on <router-link> , the easy discovery of available routes when defining a beforeRouteEnter hook, and ensuring that Typescript will error if the expected params for a route change without updating the router.push() call. <router-link> beforeRouteEnter router.push() Params are way more powerful Not only does Kitbag Router know what params are expected for a given route, it can also support param types beyond String . String Kitbag Router ships with built-in support for params of typeString, Number , Boolean , Date , RegExp , JSON , as well as any custom param type you define. Number Boolean Date RegExp JSON Not only is this type useful when navigating, but it also means a route that expects a number for an “id” param won’t be considered a match if the value provided in the URL doesn’t satisfy the number constraint. Furthermore, your Vue component that gets rendered for the route doesn’t have to worry about whether the param will be present or not or having to convert it from string to the type we know it’s supposed to be. number Support for the query Params aren’t relegated to only the path. Kitbag Router allows you to configure your expected params in the query the same way you’re used to defining params in other parts of the URL. Handling rejections Inevitably when defining your routes, you’ll want to add a “catch-all” or “not found” route. While Kitbag Router fully supports defining plain ol’ Regex in your path/query, it also ships with even better support for handling NotFound . We call this a “rejection”, which is customizable and can be extended to any custom rejection you need, like perhaps NotAuthorized . When a rejection is triggered, usually from within one of your hooks, the Kitbag Router will automatically render the rejection component you assigned for the given rejection type. NotFound NotAuthorized And more… These are the key features we think really make Kitbag Router compelling but there is so much more. Kitbag router is built for Vue3 and supports async components, route hooks, editable params from useRoute, components for RouterLink and RouterView, and more. Is it ready? Kitbag Router is still super green and currently maintained by a team of 2. It has not yet had a stable release (on 0.2.0 as of the time I’m writing this), so things are still likely to change. That being said, I hope you’ll give it a try, maybe give it a star . We’re excited to hear from the community on what features we should focus on next. give it a star Happy engineering!

Say Hello to Kitbag Router: A New Era of Vue.js Routing

You no longer have to use TOTP tokens on Linux; now, you can get the same user experience as on other operating systems—it's time to improve MFA authentication using the Golang tool Linux-id to get closer to MFA capabilities on different operating systems. In this post, I'll explain how the Linux-id tool works to enhance second-factor authentication on Linux. The process involves installation, registration of a new token, and authentication. Table of Contents This post includes the following sections: MFA - Multi-Factor Authentication in more detail
Showcase - This section showcases the Linux-ID tool.
Setup - How to setup Linux-ID.
How it works - Explanation of the Linux-ID functioning.
Fork - The original project
Repository - Link to Linux-ID. MFA MFA, or Multi-Factor Authentication, is typically done in several ways: via SMS, email, OTP, TOTP, and FIDO keys such as Yubikey or a key stored in a TPM (Trusted Platform Module). The last way, which is the easiest for the user, is used by Windows Hello and Apple ID; thanks to this tool, you can achieve similar functionality. Showcase In the GIF below, you can see the whole workflow. First, I registered the Linux-id in the Unified Login to use it for Web Authentification.
Then, I click on a new tab where I am not logged in and perform the sign-up process with the Linux-id tool as MFA. Setup You can install it by running the following commands: git clone git@github.com:matejsmycka/linux-id.git
cd linux-id go install chmod +x install.sh
./install.sh Or you can download the latest release without installing Go: curl -L https://github.com/matejsmycka/linux-id/releases/download/v0.1.1/linux-id_Linux_x86_64.tar.gz | tar xz
chmod +x linux-id
curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/matejsmycka/linux-id/main/install.sh | bash How It Works On registration, linux-id generates a new P256 primary key under the Owner hierarchy on the TPM. To ensure that the key is unique per site and registration, linux-id generates a random 20-byte seed for each registration.


The primary key template is populated with unique values from a sha256 HKDF of the 20-byte random seed and the application parameter provided by the browser.


A signing child key is then generated from that primary key. The key handle returned to the caller concatenates the child key's public and private key handles and the 20-byte seed.


On an authentication request, linux-id will attempt to load the primary key by initializing the hkdf in the same manner as above. It will then attempt to load the child key from the provided key handle. Any incorrect values or values created by a different TPM will fail to load. Fork This project is a fork of Psanford's tpm-fido project. To be transparent, this would not have been possible without his contributions, and I am grateful to him for creating this unique project. However, after a discussion with the author, I created a new repository because I had different ideas about the project. The key differences are: This project aims to be more accessible to average users.
I have updated old methods according to the latest Go standards.
Old dependencies (e.g. pinetry) were replaced with updated ones.
UX improvements. Repository Visit the Linux-ID for more information. https://github.com/matejsmycka/linux-id/ You no longer have to use TOTP tokens on Linux; now, you can get the same user experience as on other operating systems—it's time to improve MFA authentication using the Golang tool Linux-id to get closer to MFA capabilities on different operating systems. TOTP MFA Golang Linux-id In this post, I'll explain how the Linux-id tool works to enhance second-factor authentication on Linux. The process involves installation, registration of a new token, and authentication. Table of Contents This post includes the following sections: MFA - Multi-Factor Authentication in more detail Showcase - This section showcases the Linux-ID tool. Setup - How to setup Linux-ID. How it works - Explanation of the Linux-ID functioning. Fork - The original project Repository - Link to Linux-ID. MFA - Multi-Factor Authentication in more detail MFA Showcase - This section showcases the Linux-ID tool. Showcase Linux-ID Setup - How to setup Linux-ID . Setup Linux-ID How it works - Explanation of the Linux-ID functioning. How it works Linux-ID Fork - The original project Fork Repository - Link to Linux-ID . Repository Linux-ID MFA MFA, or Multi-Factor Authentication, is typically done in several ways: via SMS, email, OTP, TOTP, and FIDO keys such as Yubikey or a key stored in a TPM (Trusted Platform Module). The last way, which is the easiest for the user, is used by Windows Hello and Apple ID; thanks to this tool, you can achieve similar functionality. Showcase In the GIF below, you can see the whole workflow. First, I registered the Linux-id in the Unified Login to use it for Web Authentification. Then, I click on a new tab where I am not logged in and perform the sign-up process with the Linux-id tool as MFA. First, I registered the Linux-id in the Unified Login to use it for Web Authentification. Linux-id Then, I click on a new tab where I am not logged in and perform the sign-up process with the Linux-id tool as MFA. Setup You can install it by running the following commands: git clone git@github.com:matejsmycka/linux-id.git
cd linux-id go install chmod +x install.sh
./install.sh Or you can download the latest release without installing Go: curl -L https://github.com/matejsmycka/linux-id/releases/download/v0.1.1/linux-id_Linux_x86_64.tar.gz | tar xz
chmod +x linux-id
curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/matejsmycka/linux-id/main/install.sh | bash How It Works On registration, linux-id generates a new P256 primary key under the Owner hierarchy on the TPM. To ensure that the key is unique per site and registration, linux-id generates a random 20-byte seed for each registration. The primary key template is populated with unique values from a sha256 HKDF of the 20-byte random seed and the application parameter provided by the browser. A signing child key is then generated from that primary key. The key handle returned to the caller concatenates the child key's public and private key handles and the 20-byte seed. On an authentication request, linux-id will attempt to load the primary key by initializing the hkdf in the same manner as above. It will then attempt to load the child key from the provided key handle. Any incorrect values or values created by a different TPM will fail to load. On registration, linux-id generates a new P256 primary key under the Owner hierarchy on the TPM. To ensure that the key is unique per site and registration, linux-id generates a random 20-byte seed for each registration. On registration, linux-id generates a new P256 primary key under the Owner hierarchy on the TPM. To ensure that the key is unique per site and registration, linux-id generates a random 20-byte seed for each registration. The primary key template is populated with unique values from a sha256 HKDF of the 20-byte random seed and the application parameter provided by the browser. The primary key template is populated with unique values from a sha256 HKDF of the 20-byte random seed and the application parameter provided by the browser. A signing child key is then generated from that primary key. The key handle returned to the caller concatenates the child key's public and private key handles and the 20-byte seed. A signing child key is then generated from that primary key. The key handle returned to the caller concatenates the child key's public and private key handles and the 20-byte seed. On an authentication request, linux-id will attempt to load the primary key by initializing the hkdf in the same manner as above. It will then attempt to load the child key from the provided key handle. Any incorrect values or values created by a different TPM will fail to load. On an authentication request, linux-id will attempt to load the primary key by initializing the hkdf in the same manner as above. It will then attempt to load the child key from the provided key handle. Any incorrect values or values created by a different TPM will fail to load. Fork This project is a fork of Psanford's tpm-fido project. To be transparent, this would not have been possible without his contributions, and I am grateful to him for creating this unique project. tpm-fido However, after a discussion with the author, I created a new repository because I had different ideas about the project. The key differences are: This project aims to be more accessible to average users. I have updated old methods according to the latest Go standards. Old dependencies (e.g. pinetry) were replaced with updated ones. UX improvements. This project aims to be more accessible to average users. I have updated old methods according to the latest Go standards. Old dependencies (e.g. pinetry) were replaced with updated ones. UX improvements. Repository Visit the Linux-ID for more information. Linux-ID https://github.com/matejsmycka/linux-id/ https://github.com/matejsmycka/linux-id/

MFA Only With Windows Hello and Apple ID? Time for Linux-ID!

, a leading Web3 entertainment company, is thrilled to announce an innovative distribution strategy for its highly anticipated TV series, Killer Whales. The strategy involves a unique dual approach, blending the power of Web3 and Web2 premieres to engage a diverse and global audience. DUBAI, United Arab Emirates, January 16th, 2024/Chainwire/-- HELLO Labs Web3 Premiere on HELLO TV: Exclusive Access with $HELLO Token Kicking off the distribution plan is the Web3 Premiere, set to launch on HELLO Labs newly introduced streaming platform, . Starting from February 8th, 2024, viewers will have the exclusive opportunity to purchase episodes using the $HELLO token. The series will run for five consecutive weeks, with a new episode premiering each week, building excitement and anticipation among the audience. HELLO TV This strategic move allows HELLO Labs to leverage the potential of blockchain and cryptocurrency enthusiasts, catering specifically to the crypto-savvy demographic. The Web3 Premiere aims to create a grassroots following for Killer Whales through a series of campaigns and spaces featuring the show's judges, partners, plus soon-to-be announced collaborations with crypto media publications. Web2 Premiere: Marching into Mainstream Streaming Platforms Following the Web3 Premiere, Killer Whales will make a splash across mainstream streaming platforms from March 14th, 2024. The specific platforms will be revealed gradually in waves leading up to the release date. HELLO Labs has strategically partnered with industry giants, including CoinMarketCap, Hacken, and Casper Labs, to maximize the impact of its marketing campaign. This approach allows us to target individual consumer bases effectively, ensuring a tailored experience for each viewer. Dual-Campaign Approach: Targeting Crypto Enthusiasts and Mainstream Audiences The Web3 strategy will be meticulously crafted to engage crypto-savvy viewers through a series of X campaigns and spaces featuring the show's judges. Collaborations with reputable crypto publications will further solidify Killer Whales' presence within the blockchain community. Whereas the mainstream Web2 campaign will target a broader demographic through traditional advertising channels. HELLO Labs plans to adorn Killer Whales on billboards in key locations such as Los Angeles, New York, and London. Complementary out-of-home (OOH) advertising will be combined with targeted social media campaigns on platforms like TikTok, YouTube, and Instagram. This two-step approach is designed to build momentum, ensuring Killer Whales makes a lasting impact across both crypto and mainstream audiences. Season one of Killer Whales is available to pre-order now at . www.tv.hello.one About HELLO Labs HELLO Labs is a trailblazing Web3 entertainment company dedicated to delivering innovative and engaging entertainment experiences. With a commitment to pushing boundaries and embracing emerging technologies, HELLO Labs continues to redefine the landscape of entertainment. For more information: | Official Website Twitter About Killer Whales is Web3's answer to hit TV shows such as Shark Tank, Dragon's Den, and The Voice. As Web3 transitions to the mainstream, Killer Whales welcomes the next 500 million people into the blockchain space. The show's mission is to create a captivating mainstream show, with a focus on transparency, fact-driven feedback, and easily understandable topics. Killer Whales For more information, users can follow Killer Whales on . For media inquiries, please contact: Sander Görtjes, CEO HELLO Labs Twitter Note: This press release is for informational purposes only and does not constitute an offer or solicitation of an offer to buy or sell any securities. Contact CEO Sander Gortjes HELLO Labs Inc sander@hello.one This story was distributed as a release by Chainwire under HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program. Learn more about the program here.

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